Table 1 Study characteristics (n = 8)
Study | Size | Population | Interventions | Outcomes | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alghamdi et al. 2015 [76] | 34 | Firefighters | NET (n = 17) vs. WLC (n = 17), 6 months | SPTSS, retention, HADS | NET reduced PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms compared with WLC. |
Bryant et al. 2019 [71] | 100 | First responders | CBT-prolonged (n = 33) vs. CBT-brief (n = 33) vs. WLC (n = 34), 6 months | CAPS, retention, BDI, AUDIT, WHOQOL | CBT is efficacious in reducing PTSD in emergency service personnel. |
Chongruksa et al. 2012 [73] | 42 | Police officers | Group BEP (n = 20) vs. psychoeducation (n = 22), 1 month | SCL, retention, GHQ-30 | Those in the eclectic group counseling had significantly lower symptom scores |
Gersons et al. 2013 [72] | 42 | Police officers | BEP (n = 22) vs. WLC (n = 20), 3 months | PTSD remission, retention, SCL, AUD remission | BEP improved PTSD symptoms, work resumption, and some comorbid conditions. |
Jarero et al. 2013 [75] | 39 | First responders | EMDR (n = 19) vs. supportive counseling (n = 20), 3 months | SPRINT, retention | EMDR significantly reduced PTSD scores at the post-test and during the follow-up. |
Miller et al. 2019 [77] | 71 | Police officers | Neuropsychological trauma processing (n = 43) vs. single session (n = 28), 11 months | PCL-5, retention | No significant reduction in PTSD scores between groups |
Mithoefer et al. 2018 [70] | 26 | Firefighters and police officers | MDMA-assisted psychotherapy: 125 mg (n = 12) vs. 75 mg (n = 7) vs. 30 mg (n = 7), 12 months | CAPS, retention, BDI, GAF | MDMA-assisted psychotherapy reduced PTSD symptoms in a dose-dependent manner. |
Tuckey et al. 2014 [74] | 48 | Firefighters | Group CISD (n = 20) vs. education (n = 28), 1 month | IES, K10, alcohol use, quality of life | CISD reduced alcohol use and improved quality of life. |