Table 1 The 12 studies that were selected for review
Author and year of publication | Country | Study title | Study aim/objective | Processes | Structure (materials) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mutamad A. Amin, et al., 2012 [24] | Sudan | Treatment of preschool children under 6 years of age for schistosomiasis: safety, efficacy, and acceptability of praziquantel | This study investigated safety, efficacy, and acceptability of praziquantel for the treatment of S. haematobium and S. mansoni infections among preschool children aged < 6 years. The study also investigated the burden of schistosomiasis in this age group | •Enrolment of children •Clinical assessment •Diagnosis •Height and weight measurements •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Registers •Questionnaires •Kato-Katz kit •Urine filtration kit •Weight scales •Stadiometer •Praziquantel •Sweetener (honey) •Food (snack) |
Jean T. Coulibaly, et al., 2012 [25] | Coˆ te d’Ivoire | Efficacy and safety of praziquantel in preschool-aged Children in an area co-endemic for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium | The study reported here was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of crushed praziquantel tablets in preschool-aged children (6 years) in an area where Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium coexist | •Enrolment of children •Clinical examination •Laboratory diagnosis •Weight measurements •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Registers •Questionnaires (side effects only) •Kato-Katz kit •Schistosomiasis urine filtration kit •POC-CCA cassettes •Weight scales •PZQ •Spoons •Water |
Jean T. Coulibaly, et al., 2017 [26] | Coˆ te d’Ivoire | Efficacy and safety of praziquantel in preschool-aged and school-aged children infected with Schistosoma mansoni: a randomized controlled, parallel-group, dose-ranging, phase 2 trial | To determine the nature of the dose response of praziquantel in PSAC infected with S mansoni and to determine the dose of praziquantel that shows an efficacy comparable to the standard dose of 40 mg/kg in SAC in an area where S mansoni is endemic | •Enrolment •Clinical examination •Diagnosis •Weight measurements •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Registers •Questionnaires •Kato-Katz kit •Urine filtration kit •POC-CCA cassette •PZQ •Food (bread) •Sweetener (syrup-flavoured water) •Pestle and mortar |
Côte d’Ivoire | Efficacy and safety of ascending doses of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium infection in preschool-aged and school-aged children: a single-blind randomised controlled trial | To assess the efficacy and safety of escalating praziquantel dosages in PSAC infected with Schistosoma haematobium | •Enrolment •Clinical assessment •Diagnosis •Weight measurements •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Registers •Questionnaires •Schistosomiasis urine filtration kit •Food •Weight scales •PZQ •Pestle and mortar •Sweetener (syrup-flavoured water) •Kato-Katz kit | |
Amadou Garba, et al., 2013 [14] | Niger | Safety and efficacy of praziquantel syrup (Epiquantel®) against Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni in preschool-aged children in Niger | The objective of the current study was to assess the safety and efficacy of Epiquantel® in preschool-aged children in Niger in order to provide additional evidence for the treatment of this age group with praziquantel as part of the ongoing preventive chemotherapy control programs implemented in highly endemic areas | •Enrolment •Clinical examination •Diagnosis •Weight measurements •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Questionnaire •Child Health Booklet •Urine filtration kit •Kato-Katz kit •Weight scales •Food (millet wafer and porridge) •PZQ syrup •Millimetre scale pipette •Bottled water •Cup |
Francisca Mutapi, et al., 2011 [29] | Zimbabwe | Schistosoma haematobium treatment in 1–5-year-old children: safety and efficacy of the antihelminthic drug praziquantel | This study investigated the safety and efficacy of PZQ treatment in such children | •Enrolment •Clinical examination •Diagnosis •Weight measurements •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Registers •Questionnaire •Kato-Katz kit •Schistosomiasis urine filtration kit •Weight scales •PZQ •Sweetener (juice) •Spoons •Food (bread) |
Allen Nalugwa, et al., 2015 [30] | Uganda | Single- versus double-dose praziquantel comparison on efficacy and Schistosoma mansoni reinfection in preschool-age children in Uganda: a randomized controlled trial | Designed to compare the efficacy of PZQ in terms of CRs and ERRs using single- and double-dose regimens and its effect on S. mansoni reinfection 8 months post treatment in children aged 1–5 years living along Lake Victoria in eastern Uganda | •Enrolment •Diagnosis •Weight measurement •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Register •Questionnaire (side effects) •Kato-Katz kits •Weight scales •PZQ •Sweetener (orange juice) •Water •Food (bread and orange juice) |
Harriet Namwanje et al., 2011 [31] | Uganda | The acceptability and safety of praziquantel alone and in combination with mebendazole in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children aged 1–4 years in Uganda | To determine the acceptability and safety of praziquantel alone and in combination with mebendazole in the treatment of S. mansoni and STH in children aged 1 to 4 years | •Enrolment •Clinical examination •Diagnosis •Weight measurements •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Registers •Questionnaires •Specimen containers •Kato-Katz kits •Weight scales •PZQ •Mebendazole |
A. M. D. Navaratnam, et al., 2012 [13] | Uganda | Efficacy of praziquantel syrup versus crushed praziquantel tablets in the treatment of intestinal schistosomiasis in Ugandan preschool children, with observation on compliance and safety | In this study, the performance of Epiquantel in terms of therapeutic efficiency, noncompliance, and side effects was assessed under field conditions alongside the crushed tablet alternative | •Enrolment •Clinical examination •Diagnosis •Weight measurements •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Registers Questionnaire (side effects) Kato-Katz kits •Weight scales •PZQ •PZQ syrup •Paracetamol •Sweetener (juice) •Food (bread) |
Jose´ C. Sousa-Figueiredo, et al., 2012 [16] | Uganda | Performance and safety of praziquantel for treatment of intestinal schistosomiasis in infants and preschool children | This study therefore aimed to assess the performance and safety of PZQ treatment in under 7 year olds living in Schistosoma mansoni-endemic areas | •Enrolment •Clinical examination •Diagnosis •Weight measurements •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Registers •Questionnaires •Kato-Katz kit •Weight scales •PZQ •Sweetener (orange juice) •Food (bread) •Spoons |
José Carlos Sousa-Figueiredo et al., 2010 [32] | Uganda | Treatment of intestinal schistosomiasis in Ugandan preschool children: best diagnosis, treatment efficacy and side effects, and an extended praziquantel dosing pole | To provide detailed evidence on occurrence of intestinal schistosomiasis in very young children (≤ 6 years of age), to observe the efficacy and safety of PZQ in this age class and extend the current dose pole to facilitate the allocation of treatments within mass drug administration initiatives | •Enrolment •Clinical examination •Diagnosis •Weight and height measurements •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Registers •Questionnaires •Kato-Katz kit •SEA-ELISA •POC-CCA •Weight scales •PZQ •Sweetener (orange juice and sugar) •Stadiometer |
Welcome M. Wami et al., 2016 [33] | Zimbabwe | Comparative assessment of health benefits of praziquantel treatment of urogenital schistosomiasis in preschool and primary school-aged children | To determine the effect of single praziquantel treatment on Schistosoma haematobium-related morbidity markers: microhaematuria, proteinuria, and albuminuria | •Enrolment •Clinical examination •Diagnosis •Weight measurements •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Registers •Questionnaires •Schistosomiasis urine filtration kit •Kato-Katz kit •Urinalysis dipsticks •CLINITEK Status + Analyzer •CLINITEK Microalbumin Reagent Strip •Weight scales •PZQ •Sweetener (juice) •Food (bread) |
Makida Kemal, 2019 [66] | Ethiopia | Schistosoma mansoni infection among preschool age children attending Erer Health Center, Ethiopia, and the response rate to praziquantel | To assess S. mansoni infection in PSAC and the response rate for praziquantel treatment (40 mg/kg) | •Enrolment •Clinical examination •Laboratory diagnosis •Treatment •Monitoring of side effects | •Registers •Questionnaires •Kato-Katz kit •Weight scales •PZQ |