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Table 2 Summary of findings from meta-analyses and narrative syntheses

From: Systematic review of lifestyle interventions to improve weight, physical activity and diet among people with a mental health condition

Outcomes

Meta-analysis

Narrative synthesis

No. of participants (trials)

Effect sizea [95% CI]

No of trials

Direction of effect — number of studies

Primary review outcomes

Weight

 Weight loss (kg)

2386 (26)

−1.42 [−2.21 to −0.63]

9

Intervention 8

Neither 1

 Weight loss (5% bodyweight)

809 (5)

OR 2.48 [1.74 to 3.55]

 -

 -

 Weight maintenance (kg)

376 (5)

−2.05 [−3.40 to −0.70]

1

Intervention 1

Physical activity

 International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) – total MET minutes

1498 (11)

226.82 [22.03 to 431.61]

 -

 -

 Other physical activity measuresb

 -

 -

25

Intervention 18

Control 5

Neither 2

Diet

 Fruit (daily serves)

337 (3)

0.01 [−0.29 to 0.31]

 -

 -

 Vegetables (daily serves)

367 (3)

0.51 [0.11 to 0.92]

 -

 -

 Other diet measuresc

 -

 -

13

Intervention 11

Control 1

Neither 1

Secondary review outcomes

BMI

 BMI loss (units)

3919 (33)

−0.48 [−0.70 to −0.26]

1

Intervention 1

Waist circumference

 Waist circumference (cms)

3099 (19)

−0.87 [−1.60 to −0.14]

4

Intervention 2

Neither 2

Sedentary behaviour

 Sedentary behaviour

 -

 -

3

Intervention 2

Neither 1

Mental health

 Depression

1691 (12)

SMD −0.03 [−0.14 to 0.08]

2

Intervention 2

 Anxiety

459 (5)

SMD −0.49 [−1.15 to 0.16]

2

Intervention 2

 Severity of psychological symptoms

670 (4)

SMD 0.72 [−0.05 to 1.50]

  

 Other mental health measuresd

 -

 -

14

Intervention 9

Control 5

  1. aUnless otherwise noted, the effect sizes are mean differences. bExamples of other measures of physical activity included accelerometers/pedometers and validated self-report measures (e.g. Godin leisure-time questionnaire). See Supplementary Table 3 for full list. cExamples of other measures of diet included meeting the World Health Organization guidelines for fruit and vegetable consumption and comprehensive diet questionnaires such as the food frequency questionnaire. See Supplementary Table 3 for full list. dExamples of other measures of mental health include Global Assessment of Functioning and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression. See Supplementary Table 3 for full list
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Systematic Reviews

ISSN: 2046-4053