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Table 4 Studies on SRH care during pandemics included in the scoping review (n = 21)a

From: Sexual and reproductive health services during outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature scoping review

Study

Epidemic; location

Population/setting

Type of data collected; period of data collection

Sexual reproductive health outcomes

Abdela, 2020 [24]

COVID-19; Dessie town, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia

Dessie referral hospital

Facility registers

February 2–April 19, 2020

FP, ANC, L&D

Bietsch, 2020 [25]

Ebola; Liberia and Sierra Leone

Facility-level service statistics; DHS data

Pre-Ebola 2013 DHS data; service statistics quantitative electronic routine facility-level data; Survey data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)

6 months before the first Ebola case and 37 months after last case of main outbreak in Liberia and Sierra Leone

FP, Condoms

Brolin Ribacke, 2016 [26]

Ebola; Sierra Leone

32 government, private, not- and for-profit healthcare facilities offering emergency obstetrics

Facility surveys and service-statistics captured using DHIS 2;

Three periods between January 2014-May 2015: Pre-outbreak period (week 1–21, 2014), outbreak peak (week 22–52, 2014), and outbreak slow down (week 1–20 2015)

L&D

Camara, 2017 [27]

Ebola; Macenta District, Guinea

187,094 women of reproductive age (15-45 years)

Facility-level data

Pre-Ebola (March 1, 2013- February 28th, 2014), intra-Ebola (March 1, 2014 to February 28th, 2015) and post-Ebola (March 1, 2016 to July 31, 2016)

L&D, ANC, MM

Delamou, 2017 [28]

Ebola; six districts in the Forest Region of Guinea

One regional hospital, five district referral hospitals, two community hospitals, 38 health centers, serving 1,747,4000 people

Facility-level data

Pre-Ebola (January 2013- February 2014), during-Ebola (March 2014–February 2015) and post-Ebola (March 2015–February 2016).

L&D, ANC, AYP

Iyengar, 2015 [29]

Ebola; Margibi County and Bong County, Liberia

75 primary healthcare facilities in Margibi and Bond Counties

Service statistics from routine electronic facility-level DHIS-2

March–December 2014

L&D, FP

Jacobs, 2017 [30]

Ebola; Liberia

All individuals > 15 years included in the DHIS-2

Service statistics from routine electronic facility-level DHIS-2

Pre-Ebola (2013), during Ebola (2014), and post-Ebola (2015)

HIV

Jones, 2016 [31]

Ebola; Sierra Leone

13 comprehensive and 67 basic health care facilities across 13 districts

Data collected via facility surveys and facility registers

L&D, ANC, MM

Konwloh, 2017 [32]

Ebola; Liberia

All patients in Liberia with presumptive and active TB that were investigated, diagnosed, or treated between 2013 and 2015

Pre-Ebola (January 2013–March 2014), during Ebola (April 2014–June 2015) and post-Ebola (July–December 2015).

Facility-level service statistics from DHIS2

HIV

Leuenberger, 2015 [33]

Ebola; Macenta District in the Forest Region of Guinea

Centre Medical, a specialized hospital, the only HIV care facility in the district

Routine and prospective facility-level data for hospital planning and reporting to health authorities; internal accountancy data, and data collected as part of the International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) West Africa collaboration

During Ebola (August–December 2014) and Pre-Ebola (August–December 2013)

For retention in care, data was collected for a longer period (first semesters of 2013 and 2014 before Ebola)

HIV

Lori, 2015 [34]

Ebola; Bong County, Liberia

12 study sites from Bong County

Facility-level

January 2012–October 2014

L&D

Loubet, 2015 [35]

Ebola; Liberia

5948 patients across two hospitals, John F. Kennedy and Redemption Hospital

Facility-level data

Pre-Ebola (January 2012 to June 2014); point break to indicate during Ebola (June–November 2014)

HIV

Ly, 2016 [36]

Ebola; Rivercess County, Liberia

1,298 women from 941 households

Household survey

Pre-Ebola (March 24, 2011–June 14, 2014), during Ebola (June 15, 2014–April 13, 2015)

L&D

McQuilkin, 2017 [37]

Ebola; 15 counties in Liberia

543 households were cluster sampled from catchment areas of 21 government hospitals

Household structured questionnaires

March–May 2015

L&D, FP

Miller, 2018 a [38]

Ebola; Guinea (Dubréka, Forécariah, Macenta and Kérouané Districts), Liberia (Lofa, Montserrado, Margibi, and Bong), and Sierra Leone (Kenema, Kailahun, Bombali, and Tonkolili)

582 participants from the MoH UN agencies, iNGOs, NGOs, traditional healers, community leaders, caregivers of children under five, CHWs, TBAs, officers in charge of health facilities, MCH aides, members of CHCs and EVD survivors selected using purposive non-probability sampling

Routine program data from the MoH and NGO implementing partners

January 2013 to December 2015

In-depth interviews and focus group discussions

February–August 2016 (Liberia: February–March; Sierra Leone: May–June; Guinea; July–August)

 

Quaglio, 2019 [39]

Ebola; Pujehun district, Sierra Leone

77 community health facilities and one hospital

Routine facility-level health services data

Pre-Ebola (January 1, 2012–May 30, 2014), Ebola (June 1, 2014–February 28, 2015), Post-Ebola

(March 1, 2015–December 31, 2017)

L&D, FP, ANC

Siedner, 2020 [40]

COVID-19; uMkhanyakude district, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa

46,523 across 11 primary care clinics

Routine health facility data from HDSS and AHRI

Pre-lockdown (January 27–March 27, 2020), level 5c lockdown (March 28, 2020–April 30, 2020), level 4c lockdown May 1-31, level 3c lockdown until data abstraction date (June 1-30).

FP, ANC

Barden-O'Fallon, 2015 [41]

Ebola; All four geographic zones of Guinea (Upper, Lower, Middle, and Forest)

A convenience sample of 16 hospitals and 29 health centers that were categorized as “active”; “calm” and “not affected” in relation to Ebola cases; 62 health service directors; 117 RMNCH providers

Retrospective quantitative facility-level data collected from October 2013–December 2014 (categorized as Ebola Active, Changing Status, or Inactive)

Brief structured qualitative interviews January-February 2015.b

L&D, FP, HIV, MM

Ahmed, 2020 [42]

COVID-19; Seven slums in Nigeria, Kenya, Pakistan, and Bangladesh;

N=860 purposively selected community leaders, residents, health workers, and local authority representatives

Qualitative data from individual discussions (20–50 min) and group discussions (1–3 h).

Pre-COVID (March 2018–March 2020), as part of the Improving Health in Slums Collaborative, and during COVID (April-May 2020).b

L&D, HIV

Elston, 2016a [43]

Ebola; Moyamba District in the Southern Region and Koinadugu District in the Northern Region, Sierra Leone

60 stakeholders including Ebola response teams, civil/transition authority, healthcare workers, members of NGOs, community members, a women’s group, mothers with children attending a child health clinic, social mobilizers and town council members

15 purposively selected health facilities in Moyamba

Interviews with 60 stakeholders

Focus group discussions February and May 2015.b

 

Gichuna, 2020 a [44]

COVID-19; Nairobi, Kenya

117 female sex workers

15 healthcare providers

Semi-structured interviews (15–20 min) over mobile phones

April–May 2020.

 
  1. aAcronyms in Table 4: AHRI Africa Health Research Institute, AYP Adolescents and Young People, CHC Community Health Center, CHW Community Health Worker, DHIS2 District Health Information Software, DHS Demographic Health Survey, EVD Ebola Virus disease, FP Family Planning, HDSS Health Demographic Surveillance System, L&D Labor and Delivery, iNGO international non-governmental agency, IPTp Intermittent Preventive Therapy for Malaria, MM Maternal Mortality, MoH Ministry of Health, NGO non-governmental agency, PNC Prenatal care, ANC antenatal care, RMNCH reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health, SHRH Sexual Health Reproductive Health, TBA Traditional Birth Attendant, TT2 tetanus toxoid, UN: United Nations
  2. bFindings not reported by outcome area for qualitative studies
  3. cIn South Africa, a level 5 order is considered a shelter in place order which includes closure of schools and non-essential businesses and restrictions on movement and public transportation. Residents were instructed to remain in their homes unless they were “performing an essential service, obtaining an essential good, or seeking emergency, lifesaving, or chronic care.” At the end of April, South Africa moved to level 4, then level 3 which lifted several restrictions. Level 4 allowed for some businesses and transportation to open. Level 3 included the opening of many establishments (e.g., cinemas, restaurants, gyms) and increased access to local and long-distance travel