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Table 3 Direct predictors of mental health help-seeking intentions

From: Explaining adults’ mental health help-seeking through the lens of the theory of planned behavior: a scoping review

First author (year)

Attitudes

Subjective norms

Perceived behavioral control

Traditional models

 Aldalaykeh (2019) [46]

 Bohon (2016) [36]

 Chandrasekara (2016) [73]

 Chang (2012) [58]

e

 Clansy (1998) [59]

 Damghanian (2018) [75]

 Hess (2013) [78]

 Hyland (2012a) [77]

 Jarvis (2002) [63]

 Kgathi (2011) [81]

 Lee (2016b) [82]

a

 Lee (2016b) using IASMHS [82]

 Miller (2004) [65]

 Mo (2009) [21]

 Pumpuang (2018) [52]

 Rathbone (2014) [68]

 Schomerus (2009) [53]

c

 Stecker (2010) [55]

 Taylor (2018) [70]

 Tomczyk (2020) [29]

a

 Westerhof (2008) [57]

Extended models

 Aldalaykeh (2019) [46]

 Chang (2012) [58]

 Cuyler (2019) [74]

 Damghanian (2018) [75]

 Farmer (2013) [60]

f

 Hyland (2015) [84]

 Hyland (2012b) [79]

a

 Karras (2018) [80]

a

ad

a

 Lee (2016a) [64]

a

 Li (2017) [47]

 Li (2018) [83]

 Logsdon (2018) [48]

e

 Mak (2014) [50]

 Mesidor (2014) [51]

 Mills (2010)g [66]

 Mo (2009) [21]

 O’Flaherty (2017) [67]

 Rathbone (2014) [68]

 Seyala (2011) [69]

c

 Skogstad (2006) [54]

 Taylor (2018) [70]

 Teo (2020) [56]

 Walther (2002) [71]

b

eb

b

 Westerhof (2008) [57]

 Woods (2013) [72]

 Woods (2013) mediation models only [72]

 Zorrilla (2019) [35]

  1. aOnly specific component(s) of this variable were significant
  2. bHelp-seeking from a mental health professional only
  3. cNot significant in a smaller comparison sample
  4. dSignificant for suicidal thoughts and behaviors only
  5. eInverse association with intentions
  6. fSignificant in most models
  7. gTaken from the results table not the abstract which reports different findings