Table 8 Reported adjusted unstandardized mean differences, standardized effect sizes, and p-values (between groups) in studies measuring coping between baseline (t0) and follow-up (t1)

Hamnes et al. 2012 [18] (RCT)

Fibromyalgia

ASES

Pain (10–100)

−1.83 (−6.0, 2.3)

0.12 (Cohens’ d)

0.387

Symptoms (10–100)

2.63 (−1.3, 6.6)

0.20 (Cohens’ d)

0.189

Function (10–100)

1.02 (−2.4, 4.4)

0.06 (Cohens’ d)

0.556

Hechler et al. 2014 [21] (RCT)

Chronic pain (pediatric)

PRCQ-C

Catastrophizing (0–2)‡

Mangels et al. 2009 [23] (RCT)

Chronic low back pain

FESV

Action-oriented coping (.)

< 0.001

Subjective coping competence (.)

Cognitive restructuring (.)

< 0.01

Counter activities (.)

Mental distraction (.)

< 0.01

Relaxation (.)

< 0.001

Angst et al. 2009 [30] (NRS)

Chronic pain

CSQ

Catastrophizing (0–100)

0.07 (Hedges’ g)

0.169

Ability to decrease pain (0–100)

0.13 (Hedges’ g)

0.148

Semrau et al. 2015 [33] (NRS)

Chronic low back pain

FESV

Action-oriented coping (1–6)

2.36 (1.50, 3.22)

0.232 (Cohens’ d)

Subjective coping competence (1–6)

1.60 (0.91, 2.29)

0.197 (Cohens’ d)

Cognitive restructuring (1–6)

2.47 (1.68, 3.26)

0.265 (Cohens’ d)

Counter activities (1–6)

2.21 (1.51, 2.94)

0.263 (Cohens’ d)

Mental distraction (1–6)

1.80 (1.0, 2.61)

0.190 (Cohens’ d)

Relaxation (1–6)

2.09 (1.25, 2.92)

0.213 (Cohens’ d)

AEQ

Help/hopelessness (0–6)‡

−0.29 (−0.45, −0.13)

−0.158 (Cohens’ d)

Catastrophizing (0–6)‡

−0.12 (−0.27, 0.05)

−0.065 (Cohens’ d)

Thought suppression (0–6)‡

−0.09 (−0.31, 0.14)

−0.032 (Cohens’ d)

Anxiety/depression (0–6)‡

−0.25 (−0.44, −0.06)

−0.114 (Cohens’ d)

Positive mood (0–6)

0.16 (−0.04, 0.36)

0.067 (Cohens’ d)

Avoidance of physical activities (0–6)‡

−0.32 (−0.50, −0.14)

−0.150 (Cohens’ d)

Avoidance of social activities (0–6)‡

−0.35 (−0.54, −0.16)

−0.157 (Cohens’ d)

Humor/distraction (0–6)

0.27 (0.09, 0.46)

0.125 (Cohens’ d)

Pain persistence behavior (0–6)

0.09 (−0.06, 0.24)

0.052 (Cohens’ d)