Content and delivery of pre-operative interventions for patients undergoing total knee replacement: a rapid review

Table 8 Other pre-operative intervention components and delivery approaches

Category	Intervention component or delivery approach	Bergin et al. [39]^b	Soni et al. [61]^b	Stone et al. [62]^b	Walls et al. [68]^a	Zhao et al. [71]^ac	Bin Sheeha et al. [75]
Component	Incentive spirometry	O
	Self-monitoring e.g. through completion of a logbook	O			O
	Acupuncture		O				V
	Electroacupuncture					O
	NMES				O
	Dynamic knee extension device			O
Provider	Physiotherapist		O
Provider	Acupuncturist					O
Delivery mode	Single format		O			O
	>1 format	O			O
	Single instruction session (prior to unsupervised sessions)	O			O
	Unsupervised sessions	O
	Unsupervised sessions with written instructions				O
	Face-to-face group sessions		O
	Face-to-face (not specified if group or individual)					O
Setting	Home	O			O
Setting	Outpatient gym		O
Schedule	Every 2 or 6 h while awake for 1 week prior to surgery	O
	Weekly for 4 weeks, then fortnightly for 4 weeks, then monthly until surgery		O
	Once daily for 5 consecutive days pre-operatively					O
	3× daily until surgery			O
	Alternate days for 2 weeks then 5× weekly for 6 weeks				O
Intensity	Incentive spirometry device use: 10 times per session	O
	Acupuncture needles left in situ for 20 min		O
	Electroacupuncture for 30 min using a device that provides a dilatational wave, 2/100 Hz, 3 mA					O
	Dynamic knee extension device worn for up to 30 min at once			O
	NMES session length: 20 min				O
	NMES intensity as high as the patient can tolerate				O
Tailoring	Frequency of incentive spirometry device use tailored to baseline incentive spirometry volume	O

NMES neuromuscular electrical stimulation, O intervention component/delivery approach included in an intervention investigated in an outcomes study, V participants’ experiences/perspectives of the intervention component/delivery approach reported in a views study
^a Outcomes study in which a statistically significant difference in favor of the intervention group was identified for at least one outcome at one or more follow-up time points (alpha=0.05)
^b Outcomes study in which no statistically significant differences in favor of the intervention group were identified for any outcomes at any follow-up time points (alpha=0.05)
^c The control group received “placebo electroacupuncture” that involved the same provider, delivery mode and schedule as the intervention group’s electroacupuncture [71]

ISSN: 2046-4053