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Table 2 Adaptation of AI ethics frameworks for data extraction

From: Public views on ethical issues in healthcare artificial intelligence: protocol for a scoping review

Concept

Reference(s)

Description

Privacy

[21]

Whether study addresses publics’ views on privacy, consent, control over the use of data, and/or right to erasure

Accountability

[21]

Whether study addresses publics’ views on legal liability and responsibility for rectification when algorithms perform poorly

Safety

[21]

Whether study addresses publics’ views on the consistency and accuracy of algorithms’ performance, or the perceived safety of using AI in healthcare and services

Security

[21]

Whether study addresses publics’ views on algorithms’ vulnerability to nefarious third parties

Transparency

[21]

Whether study addresses publics’ views on the transparency of AI development and implementation, and/or the importance of disclosing that AI is being used

Explainability

[21]

Whether study addresses publics’ views on algorithmic explainability, black box algorithms, and/or the importance of patients’ and physicians’ ability to understand the reasons behind an algorithm’s decision

Fairness and non-discrimination

[21]

Whether study addresses publics’ views on algorithmic bias, fairness in algorithmic decision-making, and/or inclusivity in AI design

Human control over technology

[21]

Whether study addresses publics’ perspectives on the extent to which humans should review automated decisions, and whether people should be able to opt out of algorithm-informed decisions

Professional responsibility

[21]

Whether study addresses publics’ perspectives on professionals’ roles in ensuring that algorithms are accurate, perform well, and do not cause harms

Power

[14, 22]

Whether study addresses publics’ perspectives on the impact of AI on existing power structures in society. E.g. concerns about AI reinforcing existing power structures, the inclusivity of AI governance and regulation, and/or the development of AI technologies which primarily benefit the Global North

Environmental wellbeing

[23]

Whether study addresses publics’ views on the environmental impacts of AI, including e-waste, energy consumption, and materials

Societal wellbeing

[23]

Whether study addresses publics’ views on whether algorithms are being created and implemented for broader social good

Ethical governance

[24]

Whether study addresses publics’ views on the suitability of existing legal structures, or the need for new structures, to manage the ethical issues associated with HCAI