Table 3 Comparison of CMV seropositivity and primary CMV infection rates in childcare and healthcare workers with controls
| Â | Risk of CMV seropositivity | Risk of CMV primary infection | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Covariates | No. of studies | Exposed population | Nonexposed | OR (95% CI) | I2 % (95% CI) | No. of studies | Exposed population | Nonexposed | RR (95% CI) | I2 % (95% CI) |
Overall | 13 | 3015 | 21202 | 1.4 (1.01–1.80) | 90 (85–93) | 9 | 1534 | 3085 | 2.1 (1.0–4.2) | 50 (0–78) |
Groups | ||||||||||
 Childcare workers | 8 | 1933 | 16416 | 1.6 (1.2–2.3) | 83 (69–91) | 3 | 397 | 752 | 3.4 (1.3–8.8) | 55 (0–87) |
 Healthcare workers | 5 | 1082 | 4786 | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 61 (0–85) | 6 | 1137 | 2333 | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | 1 (0–80) |
Continent | ||||||||||
 America | 3 | 606 | 4592 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 66 (0–90) | 6 | 1265 | 2874 | 2.4 (1.1–5.1) | 58 (0–83) |
 Europe | 10 | 2409 | 16610 | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 82 (68–90) | 2 | 229 | 193 | 1.0 (0.3–3.8) | - |
 Oceania | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 40 | 18 | - |  |
Diagnostic method | ||||||||||
 Anticomplement immunofluorescence | 2 | 534 | 4535 | 1.1 (0.3–4.0) | 84 (35–96) | 1 | 175 | 1921 | 0.6 (0.2–1.9) | - |
 Complement fixation | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 269 | 132 | 2.7 (0.7–10.6) | 0 (0–76) |
 ELISA | 6 | 1801 | 15616 | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 79 (53–90) | 4 | 1194 | 991 | 2.4 (0.8–7.2) | 66 (0–90) |
 Latex agglutination | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 45 | 41 | 4.6 (0.2–92.5) | 0 |
 Other | 5 | 680 | 1051 | 1.7 (1.1–2.7) | 75 (39–90) |  |  |  |  |  |
Study design | ||||||||||
 Cohort | 5 | 930 | 5386 | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 69 (20–88) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Cross-sectional | 8 | 2085 | 15816 | 1.6 (1.2–2.4) | 82 (66–91) |  |  |  |  |  |
Quality | ||||||||||
 Good | 6 | 1378 | 1209 | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 86 (73–93) | 4 | 952 | 909 | 3.8 (1.9–7.6) | 16 (0–87) |
 Fair | 6 | 1466 | 19764 | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 92 (85–95) | 4 | 542 | 2158 | 0.9 (0.4–2.7) | 0 |
 Poor | 1 | 171 | 229 | 2.6 (1.7–3.8) | - | 1 | 40 | 18 | - | - |