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Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

From: The effect of performance-based financing interventions on out-of-pocket expenses intended to improve access to and utilization of maternal health services in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

Presence of at least one comparison group

Studies with any comparator

Published from 1990 to 2020 since PBF started in the 90 s

 

Interventions at facility or provider

PBF intervention policies on OOP without concrete description of implementation at facility level or point-of-care will be included for reporting purposes but will not be included in the final synthesis

Studies in sub–Saharan Africa

Studies in LMIC without disaggregating results separately for sub-Saharan countries will not be included in the final synthesis, but will be reported

Study reporting effect change, or any changes observed as a result of the PBF intervention on OOP and statistic significance of the intervention

Studies that do not disaggregate the reporting of OOP items will not be included in the final synthesis, but they will be reported separately

Study assesses PBF intervention (or demand side) on at least one item that constitutes out-of-pocket expenses

Study is not focused on PBF intervention in relation to out-of-pocket expenses

Study assesses at least one outcome of interest that is ANC, skilled birth delivery, or family planning

Study assesses other maternal services but does not assess any one of the outcomes listed will

The study quantitatively evaluates the effect of any PBF interventions

Study is a qualitative and/or does not evaluate the impact of PBF intervention

Study clearly describes the PBF intervention on the specific OOP expenses and provides details on the outcome

Studies that only describe PBF intervention on OOP without providing effect on the outcomes will be included for reporting purposes but will not be included in the final synthesis