Table 1 A descriptive summary of the characteristics of the included studies
From: Strategies to overcome vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review
Author | Study type | Name of country | Study setting | Participants | Interventions | Risk of bias score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oche et al., 2011 [15] | Controlled community trial | Nigeria | Town with the vast majority of the population largely farmers and illiterates | Mothers of children aged 0 to 23 months | Community health training | 6/10 |
Brugha et al., 1996 [16] | Controlled trial | Ghana | Town where regular immunization services were available | Mothers of 12–18-month-old children | Community health training | 7/10 |
Zhang et al., 201 9[36] | Cross-sectional | Australia | Nationally representative sample | Parents with at least one child under 5 years | Media engagement | 4/10 |
Rahman et al., 2013 [17] | Pre-post interventions without control | Iraq | District with both rural and urban population | Villages with a DPT 3 coverage rate < 20% and 15–24 infants below 1 year | Community health training | 5/10 |
Williams et al., 2019 [47] | Cross-sectional | USA | Urban geographic area | Religious organizations with at least one religious leader or equivalent located in Denver county | Community health training | NA |
Nasiru et al., 2012 [21] | Pre-post interventions without control | Nigeria | Local council with high reported cases of polio disease and very low vaccination uptake | Children under the age of 5 | Community health training | 7/10 |
Ofstead et al., 2013 [22] | Pre-post interventions with control | USA | Manufacturing corporation | Full-time employees and their dependents | Community health training | 6/10 |
Ansari et al., 2007 [29] | Pre-post | India | High risk urban areas | High-risk urban areas | Technology-based health literacy | 7/10 |
Usman et al., 2011 [23] | Randomized controlled trial | Pakistan | Rural EPI centers | All children visiting the selected EPI centers for DTP1 | Community health training | 9/10 |
Williams et al., 2013 [18] | Cluster-randomized controlled trial | USA | Private pediatric practices in urban area | Parent with a full-term infant less than 30 days old | Technology-based health literacy | 9/10 |
Maltezou et al., 2009 [30] | Cross-sectional | Greece | Public hospitals | Greek public hospitals | Technology-based health literacy | 6/10 |
Mouzoon, M. et al., 2010 [24] | Retrospective study | USA | A large multispecialty medical organization | Pregnant women and healthcare workers | Incentive based approach | 8/10 |
Fiks, A.G et al., 2013 [31] | Cluster-randomized controlled trial | USA | Urban primary care practices | Girls 11 through 17 years of age due for at least 1 dose of the HPV vaccine | Technology-based health literacy | 5/10 |
Spleen, A.M, et al., 2011 [19] | Pre-post | USA | Rural population with high poverty rates, high unemployment rates, low access to healthcare, and excess cancer burden, including cervical cancer | Parents of daughters age 9–17 years | Community health training | 7/10 |
Muehleisen et al., 2007 [32] | Pre-post with control | Switzerland | Hospital in urban setting | Children aged 61 days to 17 years | Technology-based health literacy | 7/10 |
Banerjee et al., 2010 [25] | Cluster-randomized controlled trial | India | Rural Rajasthan | Children aged 1–3 years | Incentive-based approach | 9/10 |
Barham et al., 2008 [26] | Cluster-randomized controlled trial | The Republic of Nicaragua | Rural | Children 12–23-month-old and above | Incentive-based approach | 7/10 |
Stitzer,M.L, et al. 2009 [27] | Randomized controlled trial | USA | General Hospital | Individual aged 18–64 years | Incentive-based approach | 7/10 |
Robertson et al., 2013 [28] | Cluster-randomized trial | Zimbabwe | Four socioeconomic strata were selected: subsistence farming areas, roadside trading settlements, agricultural estates, and small towns | households with children younger than 18 years | Incentive-based approach | 8/10 |
Stockwell et al., 2012 [37] | Two randomized controlled trials | USA | Urban, low-income population | Parents with children aged 11 to 18 years and families with a child aged 7 to 22 months lacking 1Hib dose | Media engagement | 8/10 |
Milkman et al., 2011 [38] | Randomized controlled trial | USA | A large firm | Employees | Media engagement | 8/10 |
Lemstra,M. et al. 2011 [40] | Cluster-randomized trial | Canada | Low-income setting | Parents of children who were behind in MMR immunizations | Media engagement | 8/10 |
Clark et al., 2015 [41] | Internet-based cross-sectional survey | USA | Nationally representative sample | Parents of children 0 to 17 years of age | Media engagement (preferred mode of communication) | 8/10 |
Kharbanda et al., 2009 [42] | Qualitative evaluation | USA | Three urban community health centers and two private practices in New York City | Parents with at least 1 child aged 10 to 19 years | Media engagement | 8/10 |
Ahlers-Schmidt et al., 2010 [33] | Formative survey | USA | Low-income setting | Parents with children under 6 years of age at a Midwestern Pediatric Residency clinic | Technology-based health literacy | 6/10 |
Hofstetter et al., 2013 [43] | Cross-sectional study | USA | Urban setting | Parents of 6–59-month-old children and providers | Media engagement (preferred recalled reminder mode) | 7/10 |
Lau et al., 2012 [20] | Randomized controlled trial, cross-sectional study | Australia, Nigeria | University urban setting | University students and staff. Mothers and their infants aged 0–3 months | Community health training | 9/10 |
Brown et al., 2017 [44] | Cross-sectional study | Nigeria | Urban and sub-urban community health facility | Mothers of infants | Media engagement (preferred recalled reminder mode) | 6/10 |
Saville et.al, 2014 [45] | Cross-sectional, randomized, controlled trial | USA, Australia | Both urban and rural university | Parents of children 19–35-month-old University students and staff | Media engagement (preferred recalled reminder mode) | 6/10 |
Cates et al., 2011 [34] | Assessment | 4 North Carolina counties | Rural area | Mothers of girls aged 11–12 | Media engagement (preferred recalled reminder mode) | 6/10 |
Pandey et al., 2011 [35] | Cross-sectional | India | Medical school | Students of medical school | Technology-based health literacy | 6/10 |
Garcia-Dia, 2017 [46] | Case-control study | Philippines | Rural setting | Parents of the 12–24 months children | Media-based approach | 6/10 |
Moniz et al., 2013 [39] | Randomized controlled trial | USA | Outpatient clinic | Obstetric patients at less than 28 weeks of gestation pending the flu shot | Media-based approach | 8/10 |