Risk factors | Source (year) | Number of population | Number of included studies | Study design | Effect metrics | Random effect summary estimate | Credibility of evidence | AMSTAR2 quality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal asthma | Wang, 2014 | 1,377,063 | 11 | Cohort | Relative risk | 1.29 (1.14, 1.47) | Suggestive | Critically low |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI Underweight Overweight Obese | Adane, 2019 | 114,792 | 9 | Cohort/case-control | Odds ratio | 1.38 (1.12, 1.70) 0.84 (0.76, 0.93) 0.77 (0.68, 0.87) | Weak Weak Suggestive | Critically low |
Prior cesarean section | Klar, 2014 | 5,454,621 | 8 | Cohort/case-control | Relative risk | 1.38 (1.35, 1.42) | Suggestive | Critically low |
Cocaine use | Addis, 2001 | 21,881 | 13 | Cohort/case-control | Relative risk | 4.55 (3.19, 6.50) | Suggestive | Low |
Endometriosis | Breintoft, 2021 | 7,320,658 | 8 | Cohort | Odds ratio | 1.40 (1.12, 1.76) | Suggestive | Critically low |
Fetal sex | Broere-Brown, 2020 | 3,130,530 | 13 | Cohort/case-control | Odds ratio | 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) | NS | Critically low |
Chronic hypertension | Ananth, 1996 | 517,382 | 8 | Cohort/case-control | Odds ratio | 3.13 (2.04, 4.80) | Suggestive | Critically low |
preeclampsia | Ananth,1996 | 660,979 | 12 | Cohort/case-control | Odds ratio | 1.73 (1.47, 2.04) | Weak | Critically low |
Uterine leiomyoma | Jenabi, 2017 | 232,024 | 9 | Cohort/case-control | Odds ratio | 2.63 (1.38, 3.88) | Weak | Critically low |
Marijuana use | Conner, 2016 | 22,863 | 5 | Cohort/case-control | Odds ratio | 1.78 (1.32, 2.40) | Weak | Critically low |
Advanced maternal age | Martinelli, 2018 | 20,684,077 | 14 | Cohort | Odds ratio | 1.44 (1.35, 1.54) | Suggestive | Critically low |
Maternal smoking | Shobeiri, 2017 | 4,309,610 | 27 | Cohort/case-control | Odds ratio Relative risk | 1.80 (1.75, 1.85) 1.65 (1.51, 1.80) | Suggestive | Critically low |
Use of ART | Vermey, 2019 | 1,158,943 | 14 | Cohort | Odds ratio | 1.87 (1.70, 2.06) | Suggestive | Critically low |