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“Patient” (literature) Selection
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Risk of bias
| |
|
Was a consecutive or random sample of literatures enrolled
|
Yes/no/unclear
|
|
Was a case-control design avoided
|
Yes/no/unclear
|
|
Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions
|
Yes/no/unclear
|
|
Could the selection of literatures have introduced bias
|
Low/high/unclear risk
|
|
Concerns regarding applicability
| |
|
Is there concern that the included literatures do not match the review question
|
Low/high/unclear risk
|
|
Index test (AI algorithms in literature screening)
|
Risk of bias
| |
|
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard
|
Yes/no/unclear
|
|
If a threshold was used, was it pre-specified
|
Yes/no/unclear
|
|
Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias
|
Low/high/unclear risk
|
|
Concerns regarding applicability
| |
|
Is there concern that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question
|
Low/high/unclear risk
|
|
Reference standard (results of screening by human investigators)
|
Risk of bias
| |
|
Is the reference standard likely to correctly classify the target condition
|
Yes/no/unclear
|
|
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index test
|
Yes/no/unclear
|
|
Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias
|
Low/high/unclear risk
|
|
Concerns regarding applicability
| |
|
Is there concern that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the review question
|
Low/high/unclear risk
|
|
Flow and timing
|
Risk of bias
| |
|
Did all literatures receive a reference standard
|
Yes/no/unclear
|
|
Did literatures receive the same reference standard
|
Yes/no/unclear
|
|
Were all literatures included in the analysis
|
Yes/no/unclear
|
|
Could the literature flow have introduced bias
|
Low/high/unclear risk
|
