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Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

From: Patient engagement strategies for adults with chronic conditions: an evidence map

PICOTS

Include

Exclude

Population

• Patients with chronic medical conditions

• Patient and family members of committees/councils aimed at improving care

• Subpopulations, including

 • Ethnic and racial minority

 • Limited language skills

 • Low literacy/low health literacy

 • Cognitive impairment

None

Interventions

• Direct patient level interventions

• Practice, health system, and reimbursement interventions

• Models under alternative payment mechanisms

• Community-level interventions

• One-time education-only (e.g., providing a handout)

• Without 2-way interaction or ability for patient to ask questions (e.g., providing access to web-based educational program)

Comparators

Any comparator (pre/post, concurrent)

No comparison group

Outcomes

 • Intermediate outcomes

(e.g., behavior change, cost, provider satisfaction, health system level changes)

 • Patient outcomes

(e.g., mortality, quality of life, utilization)

None

Timing

All timing

 • Right after implementation strategy (within 3 months)

 • Longer follow-up

 

Setting

All settings where self-management occurs (e.g., home/community/clinic/assisted living)

Non-USA-based studies