Table 2 Four initial urban health paradigms
| Â | Medical-industrial city | Urban health science | Healthy built environments | Health social movements |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Main concept | The healthcare industry is a main driver for urban growth and development. | Production of evidence that reveal and confirm causal relationships between the built environment and health. | Influencing the planning system to integrate health to urban planning decisions. | Empowering the community and value-based decision-making for healthy cities. |
Related disciplines and fields | Business, urban planning, development, economics | Public health, epidemiology, population health, implementation science | Urban planning, urban design, land-use planning | Health promotion, community development, social justice, sociology |