Author | Year | Country | Multicenter | Study design | Population | Condition | Intervention | Comparator | Dosage ≥ 400 mg/day | Treatment time > 4weeks | Randomized patients |
Type of intervention: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) | |||||||||||
 Achuthan | 2014 | India | No | RCT crossover | Adult | Other | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | No | 8 |
 Abella | 2021 | USA | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 132 |
 Barnabas | 2021 | USA | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 829 |
 Blackburn | 1995 | USA | Yes | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 242 |
 Bonfante | 2008 | Brazil | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 32 |
 Boonpiyathad | 2017 | Thailand | No | RCT | Adult | Dermatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 55 |
 Boulware | 2020 | USA, Canada | Yes | Pragmatic | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 821 |
 Brazil | 2020 | UK | Yes | RCT | Elderly | Oncology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 54 |
 Brewer | 1986 | USA, URSS | Yes | RCT | Children | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Variable | Yes | 108 |
 Bunch | 1984 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Variable | Yes | 38 |
 Cavalcanti | 2020 | Brazil | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | No | 448 |
 Chakravarti | 2021 | India | No | RCT | Adult | Metabolic disease | HCQ | placebo | Yes | Yes | 326 |
 Charous | 1998 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Others | HCQ | Placebo | Variable | Yes | 17 |
 Chen Jun | 2020 | China | No | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | No | 30 |
 Chen Zhaowei | 2020 | China | No | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 62 |
 Cheng-Pin Chen | 2020 | China | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | No | 33 |
 Clark | 1993 | Mexico | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 126 |
 Das | 2007 | India | Yes | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 122 |
 Davis | 1991 | UK | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 104 |
 Desta | 2002 | Ethiopia | No | RCT | Adult | Others | HCQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 61 |
 Dubée | 2021 | France | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 250 |
 Erkan | 2018 | USA, Greece, China | Yes | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | Yes | 20 |
 Esdaile | 1995 | Canada | Yes | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 119 |
 Faarvang | 1993 | Denmark | Yes | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 60 |
 Fong | 2007 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Others | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 102 |
 Gerstein | 2002 | Canada | No | RCT | Adult | Metabolic disease | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 135 |
 Gilman | 2012 | USA | Yes | RCT | Children | Oncology | HCQ | Placebo | Variable | Yes | 54 |
 Gottenberg | 2014 | France | Yes | Pragmatic | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 120 |
 Haar | 1993 | Denmark | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 52 |
 Horne | 2020 | UK/France | Yes | RCT | Adult | Oncology | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | Yes | 62 |
 Johnston | 2021 | USA | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 154 |
 Jokar | 2013 | Iran | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 51 |
 Karasic | 2019 | USA | Yes | RCT | Adult | Oncology | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | No | 112 |
 Kavanaugh | 1997 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 11 |
 Kingsbury | 2018 | England | Yes | Pragmatic | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 248 |
 Kraak | 1965 | The Netherlands | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 49 |
 Kravvariti | 2020 | Greece | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | Yes | 50 |
 Kruize | 1993 | Netherlands | Yes | RCT cross over | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 19 |
 Lee | 2018 | Netherlands | Yes | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 202 |
 Levy | 2001 | Brazil | No | RCT | Pregnant | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | No information | Yes | 20 |
 Liu | 2019 | China | No | RCT | Adult | Others | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 60 |
 Lyngbakken | 2020 | Norway | Yes | Pragmatic | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | No | 53 |
 Majzoobi | 2018 | Iran | No | RCT | Adult | Infectious conditions | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Variable | Yes | 177 |
 Mitjà | 2020 | Spain | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | No | 353 |
 Mitjà | 2021 | Spain | Yes | Cluster | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | No | 674 (effective sample size) |
 Murphy | 1987 | UK | No | RCT | Adult | Dermatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 31 |
 O’Dell | 2002 | USA | Yes | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 113 |
 Omrani | 2020 | Qatar | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 304 |
 Pareek | 2015 | India | Yes | RCT | Adult | Metabolic disease | HCQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 328 |
 Paton | 2012 | UK | No | RCT | Adult | Infectious conditions | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 83 |
 Quatraro | 1990 | Italy | No | RCT | Adult | Metabolic disease | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 38 |
 Rajasingham | 2020 | USA, Canada | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 1483 |
 Recovery | 2020 | UK | Yes | Pragmatic | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | No | 4716 |
 Reeves | 2004 | Australia | No | RCT | Adult | Dermatology | HCQ | Placebo | No information | Yes | 21 |
 Reis | 2021 | Brazil | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 441 |
 Roberts | 1988 | UK | No | RCT cross over | Adult | Others | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 9 |
 Sarzi-Puttini | 2003 | Italy | Sim | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | Yes | 71 |
 Scott | 1989 | England | Yes | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 101 |
 Self | 2020 | USA | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 479 |
 Skipper | 2020 | USA, Canada | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 491 |
 Snook | 1981 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Others | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | No | 50 |
 Sperber | 1995 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Infectious conditions | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 40 |
 Tang | 2020 | China | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | No | 150 |
 Toledo | 2021 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Metabolic disease | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 34 |
 Ulrich | 2020 | USA | Yes | RCT | Adult | COVID-19 | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 128 |
 Van Gool | 2001 | Netherlands | Yes | RCT | Adult | Others | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 168 |
 Van Jaarsveld | 2000 | Netherlands | Yes | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | Yes | 187 |
 Wasko | 2015 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Metabolic disease | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 33 |
 Yokogawa | 2017 | Japan | Yes | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 103 |
 Yoon | 2016 | Korea | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | HCQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 39 |
 Zeh | 2020 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Oncology | HCQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | Yes | 98 |
Author | year | Country | Multicenter | Study design | Population | Condition | Intervention | Comparator | Dosage ≥ 500 mg/day | Treatment time > 4 weeks | Randomized patients |
Type of intervention: Chloroquine (CQ) | |||||||||||
 Arnaout | 2019 | Canada | No | RCT | Adult | Oncology | CQ | Placebo | Yes | Variable (2–6 weeks) | 70 |
 Briceno | 2003 | Mexico | No | RCT | Adult | Oncology | CQ | No CQ/HCQ | No | Yes | 18 |
 Cox | 2013 | Gambia | No | Cluster | Children | Malaria | CQ | Placebo | Variable | Yes | 96 |
 Dunyo | 2006 | Gambia | No | RCT | Children | Malaria | CQ | No CQ/HCQ | Variable | No | 374 |
 Endy | 2019 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Malaria | CQ | No CQ/HCQ | Yes | Yes | 50 |
 Engchanil | 2006 | Thailand | No | RCT | Children | Infectious conditions | CQ | No CQ/HCQ | Variable | Yes | 46 |
 Fernando | 2006 | Sri Lanka | No | RCT | Children | Malaria | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 587 |
 Ferraz | 1994 | Brazil | Yes | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 82 |
 Freedman | 1960 | UK | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 107 |
 Fryauff | 1995 | Indonesia | No | RCT | Adult | Malaria | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 78 |
 Galatas | 2017 | Mozambique | No | RCT | Adult | Malaria | CQ | Placebo | Variable | No | 112 |
 Gasasira | 2003 | Uganda | No | RCT | child/adult | Malaria | CQ | Placebo | Variable | No | 341 |
 Gibson | 1987 | UK | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | CQ | No CQ/HCQ | No | Yes | 52 |
 Jacobs | 1963 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Dermatology | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 50 |
 Jacobson | 2016 | USA | No | RCT cross over | Adult | Infectious conditions | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 70 |
 Kamgno | 2010 | Cameroon | No | RCT | Adult | Infectious conditions | CQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 40 |
 Lamballerie | 2008 | France | No | RCT | Adult | Infectious conditions | CQ | Placebo | Yes | Yes | 54 |
 McGill | 2019 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Metabolic disease | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 116 |
 Meinão | 1996 | Brazil | No | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 24 |
 Michel | 2010 | France | No | RCT | Adult | Malaria | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 1010 |
 Miller | 2013 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Malaria | CQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 38 |
 Miranda | 2004 | Mexico | Yes | RCT | Adult | Rheumatology | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 149 |
 Ndyomugyenyi | 2004 | Uganda | No | RCT | Children/aults | Malaria | CQ | No CQ/HCQ | Variable | No | 88 |
 Pappaioanou | 1986 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Infectious conditions | CQ | No CQ/HCQ | No | Yes | 51 |
 Parrow | 1967 | Sweden | No | RCT | Adult | Other | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 18 |
 Paton | 2011 | Singapore | No | RCT | Adult | Infectious conditions | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 1516 |
 Peymani | 2016 | Iran | No | RCT | Adult | Infectious conditions | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 12 |
 Rojas-puentes | 2013 | Mexico | No | RCT | Adult | Oncology | CQ | Placebo | No | No | 76 |
 Salako | 1992 | Nigeria | No | RCT | Adult | Malaria | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 229 |
 Soltani | 2007 | Iran | No | RCT | Adult | Others | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 24 |
 Sotelo | 2006 | Mexico | No | RCT | Adult | Oncology | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 30 |
 Terrabuio | 2018 | Brazil | No | RCT | Adult | Others | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 62 |
 Tricou | 2010 | Vietnam | No | RCT | Adult | Infectious conditions | CQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 307 |
 Vicente | 2019 | USA | No | RCT | Adult | Malaria | CQ | Placebo | Yes | No | 20 |
 Villegas | 2007 | Thailand | No | RCT | Pregnant | Malaria | CQ | Placebo | No | Yes | 1000 |