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Table 1 Study design and characteristics of included patients according to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker prescription

From: Meta-analysis of the association between angiotensin pathway inhibitors and COVID-19 severity and mortality

Study

Country

Study design

Characteristics of people prescribed ARBs/ACEI (n = 8389)

Characteristics of people not prescribed ARBs/ACEI (n = 20989)

N

Age

Males

HTN

DM

IHD

CCF

CKD

COPD

N

Age

Males

HTN

DM

IHD

CCF

CKD

COPD

Feng et al. (2020) [39]

China

Retrospective cohort

33

NR

NR

33 (100%)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

443

NR

NR

80 (18%)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Gao et al. (2020) [40]

China

Retrospective cohort

183

63 (SD 11)

104 (57%)

183 (100%)

55 (28%)

32 (16%)

1 (1%)

2 (1%)

1 (1%)

2694

NR

1366 (51%)

667 (25%)

332 (12%)

201 (7%)

22 (1%)

27 (1%)

30 (1%)

Guo et al. (2020) [41]

China

Retrospective cohort

19

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

168

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Hu et al. (2020) [42]

China

Retrospective cohort

65

56 (48–64)

40 (62%)

65 (100%)

16 (25%)

2 (3%)

4 (6%)

1 (2%)

819

NR

415 (51%)

84 (10%)

49 (6%)

13 (2%)

  

Huang et al. (2020) [19]

China

Retrospective cohort

20

53 (SD 13)

10 (50%)

20 (100%)

0

0

NR

NR

1 (5%)

30

67 (SD 13)

17 (57%)

30 (100%)

4 (13%)

1 (3%)

NR

NR

0

Li & Wang et al. (2020) [43]

China

Retrospective cohort

115

65 (57–73)

68 59%)

115 (100%)

42 (37%)

27 (24%)

5 (4%)

13 (11%)

8 (7%)

247

67 (60–75)

121 (49%)

247 (100%)

85 (34%)

35 (14%)

5 (2%)

22 (9%)

10 (4%)

Li & Xu et al. (2020) [32]

China

Ambispective cohort

42

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

506

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Meng et al. (2020) [20]

China

Retrospective cohort

17

64 (56–69)

8 (47%)

17 (100%)

2 (12%)

2 (12%)

NR

NR

NR

25

65 (55–68)

15 (60%)

25 (100%)

4 (16%)

6 (24%)

NR

NR

NR

Tan et al. (2020) [44]

China

Retrospective cohort

31

67 (62–70)

NR

31 (100%)

8 (26%)

5 (16%)

NR

4 (13%)

2 (6%)

69

68 (57–71)

NR

69 (100%)

20 (29%)

13 (19%)

NR

5 (7%)

7 (10%)

Wang et al. (2020) [33]

China

Retrospective cohort

62

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

282

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Yang et al. (2020) [24]

China

Retrospective cohort

43

65 (57–72)

21 (49%)

43 (100%)

13 (30%)

7 (16%)

0

3 (7%)

208

NR

102 (49%)

83 (40%)

42 (20%)

28 (13%)

  

Zhang et al. (2020) [31]

China

Retrospective cohort

188

64 (55–68)

100 (53%)

188 (100%)

44 (23%)

29 (15%)

 

7 (4%)

1 (1%)

940

64 (57–69)

503 (54%)

940 (100%)

118 (13%)

56 (6%)

NR

19 (2%)

3 (0%)

Zhou et al. (2020) [45]

China

Retrospective cohort

15

59 (SD 10)

9 (60%)

15 (100%)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

95

NR

51 (54%)

21 (22%)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Fosbol et al. (2020) [25]

Denmark

Retrospective cohort

895

73 (61–81)

493 (55%)

634 (71%)

217 (24%)

193 (21%)

131 (15%)

67 (7%)

171 (19%)

3585

50 (37–65)

1651 (46%)

209 (6%)

194 (5%)

186 (5%)

112 (3%)

105 (3%)

463 (13%)

Liabeuf et al. (2020) [26]

France

Retrospective cohort

96

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

172

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Cannata et al. (2020) [27]

Italy

Prospective cohort

173#

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

224

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Conversano et al. (2020) [46]

Italy

Retrospective cohort

68

NR

NR

68 (100%)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

123

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Felice et al. (2020) [21]

Italy

Retrospective cohort

82

NR

59 (72%)

82 (100%)

20 (24%)

29 (35%)

NR

7 (9%)

51

76 (SD 12)

27 (53%)

51 (100%)

14 (28%)

27 (53%)

  

Mancia et al. (2020) [47]

Italy

Retrospective cohort

2896

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

3376

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Tedeschi et al. (2020) [22]

Italy

Prospective cohort

175

NR

133 (76%)

175 (100%)

37 (21%)

71 (41%)

NR

NR

19 (11%)

136

NR

92 (68%)

136 (100%)

37 (27%)

60 (44%)

NR

NR

30 (22%)

Jung et al. (2020) [23]

Korea

Retrospective cohort

377

NR

NR

348 (92%)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

1577

NR

NR

194 (12%)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

de Abajo et al. (2020) [48]

Spain

Retrospective cohort

477

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

662

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Bean at al. (2020) [49]

UK

Prospective cohort

399

73 (SD 13)

231 (58%)

339 (85%)

215 (54%)

83 (21%)

65 (16%)

108 (27%)

42 (11%)

801

65 (SD 18)

455 (57%)

306 (38%)

203 (25%)

77 (10%)

42 (5%)

98 (12%)

79 (10%)

Mehta et al. (2020) [28]

USA

Retrospective cohort

212

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

1523

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Reynolds et al. (2020) [29]

USA

Retrospective study

1293

NR

NR

1293 (100%)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

1280

NR

NR

1280

(100%)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Richardson et al. (2020) [30]

USA

Prospective cohort

413#

NR

NR

413 (100%)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

953

NR

NR

953

(100%)

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Weighted mean/%

–

70

58%

92%

30%

21%

14%

10%

12%

-

56

50%

39%

11%

7%

3%

3%

7%

  1. Legend: Data are presented as number/total (percentage) or median (interquartile range) except where highlighted as mean (± SD). All values were rounded to the nearest integer. NR not reported, UK United Kingdom, USA United States of America. N number, ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin-2 receptor blocker, HTN hypertension, DM diabetes mellitus, IHD ischemic heart disease/coronary artery disease, CCF congestive cardiac failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD chronic kidney disease. The weighted average age was calculated using the average median or mean age reported in studies. In Li and Wang et al., outcomes were only reported for people with hypertension prescribed ACEI/ARB and as the use of ACEI/ARB could not be excluded in people without hypertension. In Liabeuf et al., a total of 499 local patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and of these, 231 were not hospitalised. In Jung et al., amongst the 5179 patients with COVID-19, hospitalisation was observed for 1954 people and outcome data was only available for the hospitalised patients (38%). In Richardson et al., clinical data was available only for 46.2% of admitted patients and medication data was only available for (92%) of the included patients. In Reynolds et al. the pre-matching data was used and in Mehta et al. pre-matched data was unavailable. In Jung et al., only clinical outcome data for 1954 hospitalised patients were included. #In Cannata et al, 56 out of 173 continued ACEI/ARB use and 117 discontinued at admission, and for Richardson et al., 227 out of 413 continued ACEI/ARB use during hospital admission. In Gao et al., 17/2694 were prescribed an ACEI/ARB but as outcome data was not available leave-one-out sensitivity analysis performed
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Systematic Reviews

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