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Table 2 Overview of the data extraction and coding table

From: The association between hospital financial performance and the quality of care—a scoping review protocol

Research question

Data to be extracted

Coding examples

RQ1

Authors/title

N/A

Year of publication

• Before 1990

• 1990–1999

• 2000–2010

• 2011–2020

Publication type

Peer-reviewed empirical study

Theoretical paper

Technical report

Book/chapter

Thesis

Research country

N/A (list of countries)

Research design

• Empirical study

o Quantitative (longitudinal vs. cross-sectional; cohort vs. time-series; pre-post design vs. case–control; others)

o Qualitative

• Theoretical paper

Characteristics of hospitals

• Number of hospitals

• Public vs. private

• General vs. specialist hospitals

• Hospital volume

• Type of wards

• Sample: regional vs. national

RQ2

Conceptual/theoretical framework

N/A (framework description)

RQ3

Type of association being assessed

• Statistical method used

• Control variables used

• Impact of FP on QoC (FP as predictor variable)

• Impact of QoC on FP (QoC as predictor variable)

• Both directions

RQ4

Financial performance definition and measures

• Number of indicators; single indicators vs. composite measures

• Level of FP measurement (hospital vs. patient/procedure)

• Profitability (diverse measures of profit, and return on assets, equity, etc.)

• Liquidity (e.g., current ratio)

• Debt management (e.g., debt ratio)

• Asset management (e.g., asset turnover)

• Others

RQ5

Quality of care definition and measures

• Number of indicators; single indicators vs. composite measures

• Disease-specific or generic quality indicators

• Structure (input indicators–resources used)

• Process (indicators related to care delivery)

• Outcome (intermediate and final health outcomes)

RQ6

Identified association

• Result of statistical analysis (ratio, statistical significance)

• Overall assessment of the association between FP and QoC

o Positive

o Negative

o Lack of association

o Mixed results

RQ7

Limitations stated

• Related to data

• Related to methods

• Others