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1
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Funding, resource, efficiency concerns
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Need to partner to avoid financial or resource shortfall
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Cereste et al. [48]; Dickinson and Glasby [1]; Fulop [93]; Gaynor et al. [38]
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2
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Existing interdependence
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A natural evolution of existing collaborative arrangements
|
Douglas [49]; What Works Scotland [35]
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3
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Threats from competitors or markets
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Partnering to avoid loss of competitiveness/autonomy
|
Murray et al. [47]
|
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4
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Market opportunities
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Partnering to secure an advantage in the marketplace
|
Murray et al. [47]
|
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5
|
Policy directives
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Mandated partnering from governmental sources, e.g. buddying from special measures, forced acquisition/merger
|
Fulop et al. [22]; What Works Scotland [35]; Gaynor et al. [38]; Lim [55]; Hunter and Perkins [61]
|
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6
|
Innovation
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Desire to partner with a specific goal in mind that cannot be achieved in current organisational form
|
Hudson et al. [52]; Hunter and Perkins [61]
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