Table 5 Subgroup of the association between obesity, overweight, and BMI and incidence of kidney cancer

Sex

Male

1.28 (1.16, 1.41)

1.65 (1.56, 1.74)

1.18 (1.13, 1.23)

Female

1.51 (1.32, 1.72)

2 (1.91, 2.08)

1.27 (1.23, 1.32)

P value

0.049

0.000

0.009

Age

Age < 50

1.43 (1.3, 1.57)

2.05 (1.84, 2.28)

Age ≥ 50

1.41 (1.37, 1.45)

1.7 (1.62, 1.78)

P value

0.779

0.020

Study location

Asia

1.59 (1.41, 1.8)

2.06 (1.26, 3.37)

1.23 (0.79, 1.92)

North America

1.41 (1.33, 1.46)

1.9 (1.77, 2.04)

1.19 (1.1, 1.28)

Europe

1.22 (1.18, 1.27)

1.67 (1.58, 1.77)

1.19 (1.14, 1.25)

Asia versus North America (P value)

0.072

0.750

0.031

Asia versus Europe (P value)

0.000

0.406

0.013

North America versus Europe (P value)

0.000

0.005

1.000

Measure

BMI measured

1.26 (1.21, 1.31)

1.69 (1.59, 1.8)

1.24 (1.14, 1.35)

BMI self-measured

1.35 (1.28, 1.42)

1.86 (1.74, 1.99)

1.15 (1.11, 1.2)

P value

0.755

0.400

0.113

Duration

Duration of follow-up ≥ 10 years

1.28 (1.23, 1.33)

1.78 (1.67, 1.89)

Duration of follow-up < 10 years

1.32 (1.19, 1.45)

1.76 (1.57, 1.97)

P value

0.570

0.864

Physical

Physical activity

1.33 (1.24, 1.42)

1.75 (1.58, 1.94)

No physical activity

1.27 (1.21, 1.32)

1.78 (1.67, 1.9)

P value

0.261

0.780

Hypertension

Hypertension

1.36 (1.25, 1.49)

1.93 (1.74, 2.16)

No hypertension

1.27 (1.22, 1.32)

1.72 (1.62, 1.83)

P value

0.163

0.069

Alcohol

Alcohol

1.29 (1.21, 1.38)

1.62 (1.49, 1.75)

No alcohol

1.22 (1.16, 1.29)

1.82 (1.72, 1.92)

P value

0.685

0.019

Smoking

Smoking

1.25 (1.21, 1.29)

1.1 (1.04, 1.15)

No smoking

1.1 (1.05, 1.15)

1.11 (1.07, 1.15)

P value

0.077

0.293