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Table 3 Subgroup of the relationship between obesity, overweight, and BMI and incidence of bladder cancer

From: Associating the risk of three urinary cancers with obesity and overweight: an overview with evidence mapping of systematic reviews

Stratification criteria

Overweight, RR (95% CI)

Obesity, RR (95% CI)

Per 5 kg/m2, RR (95% CI)

Sex

Male

1.09 (0.99, 1.2)

1.1 (1.05, 1.16)

1.05 (1, 1.1)

Female

1.06 (0.99, 1.14)

1.08 (1.02, 1.14)

1.02 (0.96, 1.09)

P value

0.647

0.185

0.474

Age

Age < 50

1.04 (0.97, 1.13)

1.08 (1.02, 1.14)

 

Age ≥ 50

1.11 (1.03, 1.19)

1.15 (1.1, 1.2)

 

P value

0.224

0.081

 

Study location

Asia

1.04 (0.99, 1.09)

1.02 (0.97, 1.08)

 

North America

1.12 (1.03, 1.22)

1.13 (1.07, 1.19)

1.06 (1, 1.12)

Europe

1.09 (0.98, 1.2)

1.06 (1.01, 1.12)

1.02 (0.98, 1.06)

Asia versus North America (P value)

0.136

0.008

 

Asia versus Europe (P value)

0.412

0.312

 

North America versus Europe (P value)

0.687

0.091

0.274

Measure

BMI measured

1.1 (1, 1.2)

1.09 (1.05, 1.13)

 

BMI self-measured

1.12 (1.04, 1.19)

1.18 (1.1, 1.27)

 

P value

0.755

0.054

 

Duration

Duration of follow-up < 10 years

1.07 (1.03, 1.11)

1.1 (1.05, 1.16)

 

duration of follow-up ≥ 10 years

1.07 (0.98, 1.17)

1.1 (1.04, 1.15)

 

P value

1.000

1.000

 

Physical

Physical activity

1.11 (0.99, 1.24)

1.2 (1.08, 1.33)

 

No physical activity

1.03 (1, 1.07)

1.09 (1.04, 1.13)

 

P value

0.212

0.093

 

History

Family history of cancer

1.15 (1.05, 1.26)

1.15 (1.09, 1.2)

 

No family history of cancer

1.06 (1.01, 1.11)

1.09 (1.06, 1.13)

 

P value

0.120

0.069

 

Smoking

Smoking

1.07 (0.99, 1.16)

1.1 (1.04, 1.15)

 

No smoking

1.1 (1.05, 1.15)

1.11 (1.07, 1.15)

 

P value

0.553

0.774

 

Alcohol

Alcohol

1.13 (1.04, 1.22)

1.17 (1.06, 1.3)

 

No alcohol

1.06 (0.99, 1.14)

1.09 (1.05, 1.13)

 

P value

0.443

0.002

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