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Table 7 Detailed analysis of the 20 studies that included outcome data that allowed for assessment of impact of interventiona (1 = used, 0 = not used)

From: The role of pharmacy in the management of cardiometabolic risk, metabolic syndrome and related diseases in severe mental illness: a mixed-methods systematic literature review

Domain

First author (reference)

Runcie [100]

Barnes [101]

Taveira [81]

Lizer [102]

DelMonte [88]

McCleeary-Monthei [103]

Ramanuj [104]

Watkins [78]

Kjledsen [92]

Cohen [82]

Schneiderhan [84]s

Bozymski [83]

Barnes [98]

Fischler [99]

Lee [79]

Koffarnus [97]

Sud [86]

Sasson [94]

Pena [95]

Health found [80]

% Using strategy

Professional

1

Educational materials

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

1

0

1

1

45

 

2

Educational meetings

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

25

 

3

Local consensus process

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

10

 

4

Educational outreach visits

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

 

5

Local opinion leaders

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

10

 

6

Patient mediated interventions

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

25

 

7

Audit and feedback

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

25

 

8

Reminders

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

30

 

9

Questionnaireb

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10

Financial

10

Provider incentive

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

5

 

11

Patient

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

5

Patient

12

Educational materials

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

20

 

13

Reminder cardb

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10

 

14

Questionnaireb

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10

 

15

Behaviour change

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

10

 

16

Education—face to face

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

25

 

17

Medication change b

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

?1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5(?10)

 

18

Facilitate adherence to medicinesb

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

 

19

Identification of family supportb

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

Organisational

20

Revision of professional role

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

15

 

21

Clinical MDT team

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

15

 

22

Continuity of care

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

20

 

23

Medical systems records change

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

1

15

 

24

Changes in equipment

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

5

Total number of implementation strategies used

2

7

7

5

2

1

3

3

3

0

2(?3)

1

7

2

1

3

10

1

5

6

 

Process outcomes

Screening

↑

↑

  

↑

=

↑

?

  

=

↑

↑

↑c

=

↑

↑

↑

↑/↓

↑c

 

Rate of diagnosis of MetS

        

↑

 

=

          

Mean number of abnormal metabolic parameters as part of MetS

          

=

          

Advice about smoking, diet/healthy eating, exercise,

                   

↑c

 

Clinical outcomes

Physical health domain of WHOQOL-BREF

   

↑

                 

Improvement in blood results e.g. reduced lipids

   

↑

                 

Time to achieve same outcome in CVDr as general population

  

↑

                  

Maintenance of HbA1c and BP after discharge from CVDr clinic

         

=

           

Improved PAM score

                   

↑c

 
  1. aIf data were provided to assess impact of the intervention before and after or to a comparator group or described impact was assessed over a period of time
  2. bNot explicitly listed in EPOC classification but agreed between authors (DS, EL, RM)
  3. cNo statistical tests of significance undertaken
  4. ?Unclear
  5. WHOQOL-BREF (abbreviated generic  quality of life questionnaire  developed through the World Health Organisation), the physical health domain includes: activities of daily living, energy and fatigue, mobility, work capacity.
  6. PAM (Patient Activation Measure): a 22-item measure that assesses patient knowledge, skill, and confidence for self-management
  7. ↑ or ↓ (bold) statistically significant change in all outcome parameters
  8. ↑ or ↓ statistically significant increase in at least one but not all outcome parameters
  9. = No statistically significant change