First author, year of publication [reference] | Search dates | Participants | Issue | Context | Types of studies | Method of synthesis | Overall quality of review | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low- to middle-income country | High-income country | |||||||
Ammon, 2018 [41] | 3 June 2016 to 15 August 2016 | N = 3145 participants: 2937 adolescents aged 10-19; 191 caregivers (parents, non-parental caregiver, biological relative, non-relative, or foster-carer) and 17 healthcare providers. Some adolescents living with HIV did not know about their HIV-positive status. | Adherence | Sub-Saharan Africa: n = 1 study each from Congo DRC, Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and n = 2 studies from Uganda. | None | 11 studies: Qualitative (7), Quantitative (1) and Mixed Methods (3) | Thematic synthesis | Medium |
Barroso, 2017 [42] | 2008 to 2013 | N = 6189 participants: n = 4830 PLHIV (2197 female and 1850 male, 783 unspecified) and n = 1359 included provider participants (caregivers, health care providers, traditional healers, local community leaders, pharmacists, policymakers, stakeholders, peer counsellors, facility managers, volunteers, and clinical trial coordinators). | Linkage Adherence | China (5), Nigeria (5), South Africa (19), Tanzania (8), Uganda (16), and Zambia (9). All other locations for data collection contributed to fewer than five reports (Countries not reported) | Europe (9), US (28) | 127 studies: Qualitative (127) | Thematic synthesis | Low |
Bolsewicz, 2015 [43] | 2003 to 2013 | PLHIV, excluding drug users, mothers, adolescents, prisoners, sex workers in Canada, UK, and Australia | Linkage Adherence | None | Canada (8), UK (3) and Australia (6) | Thematic synthesis | Medium | |
Bravo, 2010 [44] | 1990 to November 2009 | N = 4215 PLHIV including drug users and women caring for children < 18 years; n = 4022 in Quantitative and n = 193 Qualitative studies. | Linkage Adherence | Botswana (1) | US (7), UK (1), France (1) | 10 studies: Qualitative (5) and Quantitative (5) | Thematic meta-analysis | Low |
Chop, 2017 [45] | Up to 18 February 2018 | Women living with HIV | Adherence | Zambia (1), Swaziland (1) and Democratic Republic of Congo (1) | France (1) | 4 studies: Qualitative (3) and Quantitative (1) | Thematic analysis | Low |
Colvin, 2014 [46] | 1 January 2008 to 26 March 2013 | N = 875 308 participants: HIV-infected pregnant and/or postpartum women and/or health care providers delivering antenatal care, ART and/or PMTCT. A few studies included partners and/or family members. | Linkage Adherence Retention | Sub-Saharan Africa (38), Latin America (2), and Asia (2) | None | 42 studies: Qualitative (14), Quantitative studies (25) and Mixed Methods (3) | Narrative meta-synthesis | Medium |
Croome, 2017 [47] | 2005 to 24 May 2016 | N = 37175 Adult PLHIV | Adherence | Benin, Cote d'lvoire and Mali (1), Botswana (3), Burkina Faso (1), Cameroon (4), Cote d'lvoire (1), DRC (2), Ethiopia (20), Ethiopia and Uganda (1), Ghana (4), Guinea-Bissau (1), Kenya (16), Kenya and Malawi (1), Kenya and Uganda (1), Lesotho (1), Malawi (2), Mali (1), Mozambique (3), Namibia (4), Nigeria (13), Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda (1), Rwanda (3), Senegal (1), South Africa (30), Tanzania (10), Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia (1), Togo (1), Uganda (19), Zambia (6), Zimbabwe (2) | None | 154 studies: 83 Qualitative (83), Quantitative (67) and Mixed methods (4) | Thematic content analysis | Low |
Engler, 2018 [48] | 1996 to 10 March 2016 | N = 1482 adult PLHIV (including men, women, men who have sex with men (MSM), intravenous drug user (IDU) | Adherence | None | US (35), Europe (3) (Switzerland, the Netherlands and Belgium), and Canada (2). | 40 studies: Qualitative (40) | Thematic analysis | Low |
Ferguson, 2012( [49]) | 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2010 | N = 819 Pregnant women with HIV. Not all studies included reported sample size. | Retention | Kenya (1), South Africa (1), Tanzania (1), Zimbabwe (1), Malawi (2), Uganda (1) | None | 7 studies: Qualitative (3) and Quantitative (4) | Thematic content analysis | Low |
Flores, 2018 [50] | 2008 to 2013 | N = 3257 participants: 2263 PLHIV (740 men, 1008 women, 78 transgender individuals and 437 people with unspecified gender). 994 other people were included in the studies such as family members, friends, physicians, nurses, treatment advocates, caregivers, clinic staff, programme directors, social workers, and other key stakeholders. | Linkage Retention | South Africa (9), Uganda (6), Nigeria (4), Zimbabwe (4) and China (4); 20 = unspecified | US (22 reports) | 69 studies: Qualitative (69) | Thematic meta-synthesis | Low |
Gaston, 2013 [51] | 1 January 2001 to 31 May 2012 | African Americans LHIV Total n = 2846 | Adherence | None | USA (16) | 16 Studies: Qualitative (6) and Quantitative (10) | Thematic analysis | Low |
Geter, 2018 [52] | January 2005 to December 2016 | African American females living with HIV Total n = 830 | Adherence Retention | None | US (14) | 14 studies: Qualitative (10) and Quantitative (4) | Thematic content analysis | Low |
Govindasamy, 2012 [53] | 01 January 2000 to 31 May 2011 | PLHIV in sub-Saharan Africa and health care workers. | Linkage | South Africa (6), Uganda (6), Kenya (2), Tanzania (2), Zambia (2), and 1 study each from Ethiopia, Swaziland, Mozambique, and South Africa and Zimbabwe. | None | 21 Studies: Qualitative (11), Quantitative (7) and Mixed Methods (3) | Thematic content analysis | Low |
Heestermans, 2016 [54] | January 2002 to 27 October 2014. | 161 922 Adult PLHIV | Adherence | Sub-Saharan Africa | 146 studies: Qualitative (37), Quantitative (112) and Mixed methods (3) | Narrative synthesis | Low | |
Hodgson, 2014 [55] | 1st January 2008 to 26 March 2013 | Pregnant women and postpartum women infected with HIV | Linkage Adherence Retention | Ghana (1), Nigeria (1), Malawi (5), South Africa (6), Zimbabwe (2), Tanzania (2), Kenya (5), Uganda (3), Brazil (1), Rwanda (1), Zambia (1), Latin America (1) | Australia (1), US (3), France (1), | 34 studies included in the review: Qualitative (12), Quantitative (16) and Mixed Methods (6) | Thematic analysis | Medium |
Katz, 2013 [56] | Up until February 2013 | PLHIV between 18 and 30 years old, providers of HIV care, single persons and those in intimate partnerships and persons with and without children. High-risk groups including men who have sex with men, injecting drug users and commercial sex workers. | Adherence | Uganda (9), South Africa (5), India (2), and 1 study each from DRC, Brazil, Botswana, Tanzania, Thailand, Egypt, Ethiopia, Vietnam, Nepal, Nigeria, Asia, Zambia, and China. Four countries were not reported. | US (1) | 75 Studies: Quantitative (41) and Qualitative (34) | Meta-ethnography | Low |
Knettel, 2018 [57] | January 2012 to June 2017 | 736 Pregnant and postpartum women on option B+. | Retention | Malawi (13), Uganda (4), Zimbabwe (3), Mozambique (2), and 1 each from Cameroon, Ethiopia, Rwanda, South Africa, and Tanzania | None | 13 Studies: Qualitative (13) | Thematic analysis | Low |
Lancaster, 2016 [58] | Up to 22 November 2013 and a second search up to 30 July 2015 | N = 2721 Female sex workers living with HIV | Linkage Adherence | Rwanda (1), Zimbabwe (2), Benin (2), Burkina Faso (1), Nigeria (1), Swaziland (1), Kenya (1), and Uganda (1). | None | 10 studies: Qualitative (3), Quantitative (6) and Mixed Methods (3) | Thematic analysis | Low |
Lankowski, 2014 [59] | Databases up until August 2011 and abstracts from 2002 to 2004 and from 2006 to 2011. | N = 69 506 Adults and children LHIV, HIV-infected HCW, HC Providers, HIV-infected rape victims, pregnant and postpartum women with HIV. | Linkage Adherence Retention | Uganda (10), Kenya (3), Zambia (2), Malawi (4), Nigeria (3), Corte d'Ivoire (1), Botswana (4), Tanzania (4), Togo (1), Ethiopia (1), South Africa (2), The Gambia (1), Namibia (1) | None | 34 studies: Qualitative (16) and Quantitative (18) | Content analysis | Low |
Lazuardi, 2018 [60] | 1990 to 2016 | PLHIV: including injecting drug users, pregnant women, MSM, transgendered people, women, men, and sero-discordant couples. Found information related to service providers, community members, TB patients, caregivers, and community organisers. | Linkage Adherence Retention | Indonesia (11) | None | 11 studies: Qualitative (11) | Thematic analysis | Low |
Li, 2016 [61] | 1 January 2000 to 21 February 2015 | Total: N = 192434 PLHIV including adults, children, adolescents, pregnant and postpartum women, and caregivers. | Adherence | Botswana, Tanzania and Uganda (1), Peru (1), Ukraine (1), Zambia (1), Rwanda (1), Ethiopia (1), Uganda (1), Nepal (2), Cuba (1), Southern Malawi (1), Uganda and Zimbabwe (1), China (2), Tanzania (3), South Africa (3) | US (14), Netherlands (1), Canada (1), Australia (1), Belgium and Netherlands (1), Switzerland (1) | 39 studies: Qualitative (39) | Thematic analysis | Medium |
Lytvyn, 2017 [62] | 1 January 2000 to 11 February 2017 | N = 1165: Women considering pregnancy (140), pregnant women (408), and postpartum women (602). Couples desiring and/or intending to have children (15) also included. | Adherence | Puerto Rico (1), Nigeria (1), Kenya (2), Swaziland (2), Malawi (2), India (1), South Africa (1), Zimbabwe (1), and | Australia (1), US (3) | 15 Studies: Qualitative (15) | Meta-ethnography | High |
Merten, 2010 [63] | 2000 to 2008 | N = 2044+ Community members, policy makers, PLHIV, health workers, female HIV+ patients, healthcare actors, In-school and out-of-school youth, patients who attended the ARV clinic, counsellors, HIV+ patients on ART for 6 months, care givers, family care givers, key informants, HIV+ patients from IDP camps, treatment partners | Adherence | Uganda (6), Zambia (5), South Africa (6), Burkina Faso (1), Malawi (2), Tanzania (5), Botswana (2), Kenya (1), Nigeria (1), Ethiopia and Uganda (1), Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire and Mali (1), Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda (1) | None | 32 studies: Qualitative (32) | Meta-ethnography | Low |
Mey, 2016 [64] | January 2000 to 15 December 2015 | PLHIV, Men, women, MSM, caregivers of children who are HIV positive, CAM workers (traditional healers/alternative medicines) | Linkage Adherence Retention | None | Australia (21) | 35 Studies: Qualitative (14), Quantitative (14), Mixed Methods (6), and Case Report (1) | Narrative synthesis | Low |
Mills, 2006 [65] | Up to June 2005 | PLHIV and caregiver Total: N = 12902 | Adherence | 12 studies were conducted in developing countries included four from Brazil and one each from Uganda, Cote d’Ivoire, South Africa, Malawi, Botswana, Costa Rica, Romania, and China. | US (56), Canada (3), UK (3), Italy (2), France (2), The Netherlands (2), Australia (1), Belgium (1) and Switzerland (1). The studies conducted in developing countries included Brazil (1) and Botswana (1) Two studies were multi-national: (countries not reported). | 84 studies: Qualitative (37) and Quantitative (47) | Content analysis | High |
Morales-Aleman, 2014 [66] | Jan 2002 to April 2013 | N = 121 Hispanic and Latino PLHIV | Linkage Adherence Retention | None | USA (4) | 3 studies: Qualitative (3) and Quantitative (1) | Thematic analysis | Low |
Omonaiye, 2018 [67] | Up to December 2017 | HIV-positive pregnant women (include number) | Adherence | Kenya (3), Swaziland (1), Uganda (2), South Africa (1), Cote d'voire (2), Tanzania (1), Malawi (4), Mozambique (1) | None | 15 Studies: Qualitative (9) and Mixed Methods (6) | Thematic content analysis | Medium |
Reisner, 2009 [68] | 1999 to 2008 | N = 5179 HIV-positive youth and adolescents and pregnant adolescents. | Adherence | None | US (14) | 14 Studies: Qualitative (4), Quantitative (7) and Mixed Methods (3) | Thematic content analysis | Low |
Santer, 2014 [69] | 1996 to 2011 | N = 96 Caregivers of children aged 0 -18 years | Adherence | None | Belgium (1) and US (2) | 3 Studies: Qualitative (3) | Thematic analysis | Low |
Vervoort, 2007 [70] | 1996 to 2005 | N = 1053 Adult PLHIV | Adherence | Not specified | Not specified | 24 studies containing qualitative data. | Thematic content analysis | Low |
Vitalis, 2013 [71] | Up to July 2011 | HIV-positive pregnant and postpartum women between the ages of 12 to 58 years receiving ART. | Adherence | Africa (7), Brazil (2) and Puerto Rico (1) | USA (8), and Australia (1) | 18 studies: Quantitative (15) and Qualitative (3) | Content analysis | Low |
Wasti, 2012 [72] | 1996 to 2010 | N = 4782 Adult PLHIV who have been prescribed ART. Quantitative Studies n = 4372; qualitative studies n = 152 and mixed methods studies n = 258 | Adherence | India (10), China (4), Thailand (3), Cambodia (1). | None | 18 studies: Quantitative (12), Qualitative (4) and Mixed Methods (2) | Thematic analysis | Low |
Williams, 2018 [73] | January 2005 to March 2016 | Adolescent ages 9-20 years living with HIV | Linkage Adherence Retention | Zimbabwe (2), South Africa (3), Kenya (3), Botswana (1), Zambia (3), Tanzania (1), Uganda (1), Uganda and Zimbabwe (1), Tanzania (2), and Botswana and Tanzania (1) | None | 18 studies: Qualitative (18) | Meta-ethnography | Low |