Table 1 The inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study

Inclusion criteria

 a. Cases with spinal lesions, whether symptomatic or not

 b. Full texts were availed

 c. Publication types of research articles and case reports

 d.Literature with complete records of patients’ demographic information, clinical and imaging manifestations

 e. References of the eligible articles were also screened

Exclusion criteria

 a. Articles in non-English languages

 b. Reviews, comments, or other articles wherein no cases were recorded

 c. Duplicated literature or same cases in different articles