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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Factors associated with antiretroviral treatment failure among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in resource-poor settings: a systematic review and metaanalysis

References

Year of publication

Study design

Country

Patients groups

ART used

Sample size

Number of Treatment failure

Babo et al. [34]

2017

Case-control study

Ethiopia

Adult

Stavudine vs. Zidovudine

Nevirapine vs. Efavirenz

307

230

Bayu et al. [35]

2017

Case-control study

Ethiopia

Adults aged ≥ 15 years

D4T-based

AZT-based

TDF-based

306

160

Bilcha et al. [36]

2019

Retrospective cohort study

Ethiopia

Adult

Nevirapine-based

Efavirenz-based

396

47

Bisson et al. [37]

2008

Case-control study

Botswana

Adults older than 18 years

NR

302

247

Fatti et al. [38]

2019

Prospective cohort study

South Africa

Adults aged ≥ 18 years

NRTI and NNRTI

1901

60

Ford et al. [39]

2010

Observational cohort

South Africa

Adult

EFV, NVP, and other

207

32

Gunda et al. [40]

2019

Case-control study

Tanzania

Adult

AZT/3TC/EFV, AZT/3TC/NVP,

D4T/3TC/NVP, TDF/3TC/EFV

197

24

Haile et al. [41]

2016

Retrospective cohort study

Ethiopia

Adult (≥ 15 years old)

1a(d4T + 3TC + NVP), 1b(d4T + 3TC + EFV),

1c(AZT + 3TC + NVP), 1d(AZT + 3TC + EFV),

1e(TDF + 3TC + EFV), 1f(TDF + 3TC + NVP)

4809

113

Hailu et al. [42]

2018

Retrospective follow-up study

Ethiopia

Adults (≥ 20 years)

TDF 3TCEFV/NVP, AZT 3TC NVP/EFV,

D4T 3TC NVP/EFV, ABC 3TC EFV

260

30

Hassan et al. [14]

2014

Cross-sectional study

Kenya

Adult

Zidovudine-based and Stavudine-based

232

57

Izudi et al. [43]

2016

Retrospective cohort

Uganda

Adult

 

383

28

Karade et al. [44]

2016

Cross-sectional studies

India

Adult

AZT + 3TC + NVP, AZT + 3TC + EFV

TDF + 3TC + NVP, TDF + 3TC + EFV

d4T + 3TC + NVP/EFV

844

104

Lay et al. [45]

2017

Retrospective cohort study

Cambodia

Adult (≥ 18 years old)

d4T/3TC/EFV, d4T/3TC/NVP

AZT/3TC/EFV, AZT/3TC/NVP

Other

3581

137

Ndahimana et al. [46]

2016

Retrospective cohort

Rwanda

15 years and older

NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PIs

828

70

Ahmed et al. [47]

2019

Case-control study

Ethiopia

Adult

d4t + 3TC + NVP, AZT + 3TC + NVP

AZT + 3TC + EFV, TDF + 3TC + EFV

TDF + 3TC + NVP

308

199