Table 2 Risk of bias assessment for included studies
Study design | Tool | Domains/checklist | Overall risk of bias judgment |
|---|---|---|---|
Cross-sectional studies | JBI Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool | 1. Was the sample frame appropriate to address the target population? 2. Were study participants sampled in an appropriate way? 3. Was the sample size adequate? 4. Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? 5. Was the data analysis conducted with sufficient coverage of the identified sample? 6. Were valid methods used for the identification of the condition? 7. Was the condition measure in a standard, reliable way for all participants? 8. Was there appropriate statistical analysis? 9. Was the response rate adequate, and if not, was the low response rate managed appropriately? | An item would be scored “0” if it was answered “No” or “Unclear”; if it was answered “Yes”, then the item scored “1”. Methodological quality will be considered “low,” “moderate,” and “high” if three or less, four to six, and seven to nine criteria will be met, respectively. |