Table 2 Summary of quality of life outcomes

Fricke et al [32]: Compared the quality of life of 107 ASO patients with that of an age-matched Australian population using Short Form 6-Dimension (SF6D).

No statistically significant difference in the mean SF6D scores between ASO patients and the general Australian population (18–24 age group: [0.769 for ASO patients vs 0.772 for Australian population, P = 0.85]; 25–34 age group [0.795 for ASO patients vs 0.780 for Australian population, P = 0.33]).

Kalfa et al [33]: Evaluated the cognitive and psychological outcomes of 67 ASO adults (18.0–31.0 years) compared to 43 matched controls using the Short Form 36 (SF-36).

ASO patients had a statistically significant lower physical component summary compared to controls (52.1 ± 7.5 vs 55.4 ± 5.9, P = 0.01). No statistically significant difference in the mental component summary (47.2 ± 10.3 vs 44.5 ± 11.5).

Ruys et al [34]: Reported the quality of life of 18 ASO patients (22.0–25.0 years), and compared them with healthy controls and patients who underwent the Mustard procedure for TGA using the Short Form 36.

They reported that ASO patients scored significantly better than the normal Dutch population on domains of physical functioning, vitality and role limitations due to emotional problems (P < 0.01) [34].

Gorler et al [35]: Compared the quality of life of 98 ASO adults survivors against those of atrial repair patients and the general population and reported the Z scores from the Short Form 36.

They did not find any statistically significant difference in quality of life between ASO patients and the comparison groups. They however noted a tendency for better results in the categories of “general health” and “role emotional” for the ASO patients [35].

De Koning et al [36]: Compared the quality of life of 31 ASO child survivors age 8.0 -15.0 years against children of the same age from the general Dutch population using the TNO-AZL child quality of life (TACQOL) questionnaire.

They noted poorer health related quality of life (HRQOL) in motor functioning and positive emotional functioning among ASO children, with no further differences on other TACQOL scales [36].

Hovels-Gurich et al [37]: Compared the quality of life of 60 ASO child survivors (mean age 10.5 years) against children of the same age from the general German population using the Inventory for the Assessment of the Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents (IQLC).

They did not find any statistically significant difference in total quality of life between ASO children and healthy controls (mean score [standard deviation SD] 1.62 [0.66] vs 1.64 [0.59] P > 0.20) [37].

Dunbar-Masterson et al [38]: Compared the quality of life of 155 ASO child survivors (median age 8.1 years) against a normative sample of children of the same age from the general American population using the Child Health Questionnaire, Parent Form-50.

They found similar Physical Health Summary (mean score [SD] 54.0 [6.1] vs 53.0 [8.8]) and Psychosocial Summary scores (mean score [SD] 49.7 [9.9] vs 51.2 [9]) between ASO children and healthy controls [38].