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Table 1 List of aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs)

From: Use of powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) by healthcare workers for preventing highly infectious viral diseases—a systematic review of evidence

Respiratory aerosols

Blood or tissue fluid aerosols

Open suctioning of airways

Surgical procedures in which high-speed tissue drills are used in the airway (e.g., ear nose and throat surgery, head and neck surgery)

Sputum induction

Extensive dental procedures

Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage

 

Endotracheal intubation and extubation

 

Face-mask ventilation

 

Non-invasive ventilation (e.g., BiPAP, CPAP)

 

Ventilation when the airway is not sealed

 

Tracheostomy

 

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

 

Nasogastric tube insertion

 

Dental drilling procedures

 
  1. Abbreviations: BiPAP bilevel positive ventilation pressure, CPAP continuous positive airway pressure