Skip to main content

Table 1 Summary of included trials of surgical and non-surgical treatment of fractures

From: Surgical or non-surgical treatment of traumatic skeletal fractures in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of benefits and harms

Fracture type

Author, year, country

Age, % female

Surgical treatment (n)

Did not undergo surgery after randomization (n)

Non-surgical treatment (n)

Received surgical treatment in control group (n)

Benefit/harm outcomes

Follow-up time (month)

Calcaneal, displaced intraarticular

Agren, 2013, Sweden [17]

48.5 years, 28.0%

42

0

40

0

Pain, disability, QoL

12 months

Buckley, 2002 [18] and O’Brien, Canada [19]

40.0 years, 10.3%

206

0

218

0

Pain, QoL

24 months

Griffin, 2014, UK [20]

46.4 years, 15.9%

68

5

75

3

Disability, QoL SAE

24 months

Ibrahim, 2007, UK [21]

48.5 years, 19.2%

25

0

31

0

Pain, disability

180 months

Nouraei, 2011, Iran [22]

49 years,

36

0

36

0

Pain

6 months

Thordarson, 1996, USA [23]

35.4 years, 19.2%

16

0

14

0

Disability

16 months

Clavicular, displaced midshaft

Ahrens, 2017, UK [24]

36.2 years, 13.6%

143

11

131

16

Disability, SAE

9 months

Chen, 2011c, China [25]

37.7 years, 46.7%

30

0

30

0

Disability, SAE

15 months

Judd, 2009, USA [26]

26.5 years, 87.7%

29

0

28

0

Disability, SAE

12 months

Koch, 2008, Germany [27]

35.4 years, 33.8%

35

0

33

0

Pain, SAE

1 month

Kumar, 2018, India [28]

N/A

40

0

40

0

SAE

12 months

McKee, 2007, Canada [29]

33.5 years, 21.6%

66

1

64

1

Disability, SAE

12 months

Melean, 2015, Chile [30]

37.6 years,

34

0

38

4

SAE

4 months

Mirzatolooei, 2011, Iran [31]

35.7 years, 18.0%

29

3

31

0

Disability, SAE

12 months

Qvist, 2018, Denmark [32]

39.5 years, 18.5%

74

1

66

9

Disability, SAE

12 months

Robinson, 2013, UK [33]

32.4 years, 12.5%

95

0

92

13

Disability, QoL, SAE

12 months

Smekal, 2009, Austria [34]

37.7 years, 13.3%

33

0

32

3

Disability, SAE

6 months

Tamaoki, 2017, Brazil [35]

32.5 years, 14.5%

59

0

56

2

Pain, disability, SAE

12 months

Virtanen, 2012, Finland [36]

36.7 years, 13.3%

28

0

31

1

Pain, disability, SAE

12 months

Woltz, 2017, Netherlands [37]

37.8 years, 8.8%

86

0

62

12

Disability, QoL, SAE

12 months

Clavicular, other

Dugar, 2013, India [38]

N/A

15

0

15

0

SAE

12 months

Yadav, 2015, India [39]

33.1 years, 20.0%

13

0

12

0

SAE

3 months

Femoral, caput

Chen, 2011a, China [40]

37.5 years, 18.8%

8

0

8

0

SAE

38 months

Chen, 2011b, China [41]

38.7 years, 29.2%

12

0

10

2

SAE

39 months

Humeral shaft

Matsunaga, 2017, Brazil [42]

38.7 years, 33.6%

52

0

10

48

Pain, disability, QoL, SAE

12 months

Humeral, proximal

Boons, 2012, Netherlands [43]

78.2 years, 94.0%

25

0

25

0

Pain, disability, SAE

12 months

Fjalestad, 2014, Norway [44]

72.6 years, 88.0%

25

0

24

1

Disability, QoL SAE

12 months

Olerud, 2011a, Sweden [45]

73.9 years, 81.4%

27

0

27

1

Pain, Disability, QoL, SAE

12 months

Olerud, 2011b, Sweden [46]

76.7 years, 85.5%

30

0

30

0

Pain, disability, QoL, SAE

12 months

Rangan, 2015, UK [47]

66.0 years, 76.8%

109

16

112

13

Disability, QoL, SAE

12 months

Zyto, 1997, Sweden [48]

74.0 years, 87.5%

20

0

20

5

Pain, disability

50 months

Malleolar, other

Makwana, 2001, UK [49]

66.9 years, 72.1%

22

0

14

8

Pain, disability

27 months

Willet, 2016, UK [50]

70.6 years, 74.2%

302

7

277

34

Pain, disability, QoL, SAE

6 months

Malleolar, stable

Mittal, 2017, Australia and New Zealand [51]

39.0 years, 51.9%

72

8

78

2

Disability, QoL, SAE

12 months

Malleolar, trimalleolar

Salai, 2000, Israel [52]

78.3 years, 75.0%

46

0

8

30

Pain, disability

38 months

Malleolar, unstable

Sanders, 2012, Canada [53]

41.0 years, 49.4%

41

0

39

1

Disability, QoL, SAE

12 months

Metacarpal, 5th metacarpal neck

Sletten, 2015, Norway [54 ]

27.0 years, 82.3%

38

4

43

0

Disability, SAE

12 months

Strub, 2010, Switzerland [55]

30.0 years, 5.0%

20

0

20

0

SAE

12 months

Metatarsal, 5th metatarsal neck

Lee, 2016, South Korea [56]

41.7 years, 55.2%

9

0

9

0

Pain

2 months

Wu, 2018, China [57]

27.1 years, 36.6%

23

0

22

1

Pain, SAE

12 months

Radial, distal

Abbaszadegan, 1990, Sweden [58]

63.0 years, 76.6%

23

0

24

0

Pain, disability

12 months

Arora, 2011, Austria [59]

76.7 years, 75.3%

45

0

45

0

Pain, disability, SAE

12 months

Azzopardi, 2005, UK [60]

71.5 years, 88.9%

30

0

27

0

Pain, disability, QoL, SAE

12 months

Földhazy, 2010, Sweden [61]

71.6 years, 89.8%

28

0

31

0

Pain, disability, SAE

12 months

Kreder, 2006, Canada and USA [62]

52.9 years, 65.5%

54

0

54

5

Pain, disability

12 months

Mardani Kivi, 2011, Iran [63]

50.8 years, 13.0%

99

0

93

6

SAE

3 months

McQueen, 2008, UK [64]

29.4 years, 16.7%

30

0

30

0

SAE

12 months

Wong, 2010, Hong Kong [65]

70.5 years, 81.7%

31

0

31

0

Pain, disability, QoL, SAE

12 months

Rib, flail chest

Marasco, 2013, Australia [66]

58.5 years, 13.0%

22

1

23

0

Pain, disability, QoL, SAE

6 months

Scaphoid, waist

Arora, 2007, Austria [67]

33.0 years, 27.3%

23

0

24

0

Pain, disability, SAE

6 months

Clementson, 2015, Sweden [68]

31.4 years, 18.4%

13

1

24

0

disability, SAE

12 months

Dias, 2005, UK [69]

29.5 years, 10.2%

44

0

37

7

Pain

12 months

Vinnars, 2008, Sweden [70]

30.5 years, 22.7%

40

3

41

1

Disability

120 months

Thoraco-lumbal, traumatic compression

Piazzolla, 2011, Italy [71]

39.9 years, 36.0%

24

0

26

0

Pain, disability, SAE

12 months

Shen, 2001, Taiwan [72]

43.2 years, 48.8%

33

7

43

0

Pain, disability

12 months

Siebenga, 2006, Netherlands [73]

41.8 years, 37.5%

18

0

16

0

Pain, disability

52 months

Wood, 2003, USA [74]

41.4 years, 31.9%

26

0

26

1

Pain, disability, QoL

46 months

Tibial shaft

Karladani, 2000, Sweden [75]

39.0 years, 32.1%

27

0

12

17

Pain, Disability, QoL

12 months

Granetzny, 2005, Egypt [76]

38.2 years, 22.5%

20

0

20

0

SAE

2 months

Ulnar shaft

Hussain, 2018, India [77]

38.9 years, 13.3%

20

0

17

3

Disability, SAE

12 months

Ulnar, olecranon

Duckworth, 2017, UK [78]

82.9 years, 89.5%

11

0

1

7

Disability, SAE

12 months

  1. QoL quality of life; SAE serious adverse events