Table 1 Definitions

Fortification: is the practice of deliberately increasing the content of an essential micronutrient, i.e. vitamins and minerals (including trace elements) in a food, to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply and provide a public health benefit with minimal risk to health.

Mass fortification: refers to the addition of micronutrients to foods commonly consumed by the general public, such as cereals and milk.

Supplementation: refers to the intake of a specific micronutrient in the form of a supplement.

Bolus therapy: refers to the intake of a single, large dose of vitD as oral or as an injectable formulation.