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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

From: The interplay of HIV and human papillomavirus-related cancers in sub-Saharan Africa: scoping review

Author and date

Study population

Study setting

Geographical location

Type of cancer indicated

Study design

Outcome

Gender and age

Number or population percentage type

Bosch, 2013 [90]

Women, children, men

Not specified

Not specified

SSA

Not specified

Cervical cancer, anal cancer

Review

HIV-positive women had two- to 22-folds increase risk of developing cervical cancer as compared to HIV-negative women

Brickman, 2015 [91]

Female, male

Not specified

15,000 HIV-infected individuals

SSA

Uganda

Kyadondo County

Cervical anal cancer

Review

Incidence of cervical cancer was reported to be 70 per 100,000 women-years and a SIR of 2.7 among HIV-infected women as compared to HIV-uninfected women

Capo-chichi, 2016 [97]

Women (sexually active)

20 to 60 years old (average 38 years)

86 = control group

86 = HIV-infected women

Benin

Contonou

Cervical cancer

Transversal case control

HIV-infected women have a higher prevalence and persistence of HPV infection, an increased risk for abnormal Pap smears and cervical cancer

-The study further highlighted that among the HIV-negative group, one woman with HPV and no lamin A/C developed cervical lesions and two women with no HPV but with total absence of lamin A/C developed cervical cancer

-Five had low-grade squamous intraepithelial0 lesion (LSIL), one had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 4/86 (5%) had cervical dysplasia among HIV-infected women

De Vuyst, 2013 [92]

Women

Men

Not specified

Not specified

SSA

Not specified

Cervical cancer, anal cancer

Review

-HIV positivity is associated with increased prevalence of cervical HPV infection

-HIV-infected individuals who live longer on cART may be at increased risk of persistent HPV infection and precancerous CIN progressing to cervical cancers

379 HIV-negative and 107 HIV-positive women with ICC

Uganda

Firnhaber, 2012 [93]

Women

Men

MSM

Not specified

400

South Africa

Cape Town

Cervical cancer

Anal cancer

Oropharyngeal cancer

Vaginal cancer

Vulvar cancer

Review

-HIV-infected women have a higher prevalence of HPV infection and cervical abnormalities compared to HIV-seronegative women throughout the world

-Studies confirmed that HIV-positive women harbored high-risk HPV

-HPV-related anal cancer is increasing in both HIV-infected women and men despite ARV treatment

-Vulvar cancer occurs in HIV-infected women who are less than 40 years

-HIV-infected people appear to have a rate of two to four times higher of oropharyngeal cancer than HIV-uninfected populations

-The risk of invasive penile cancer is estimated to be 20 times higher among HIV-infected men as compared to HIV-uninfected men

145

Zambia

 

148

South Africa

SSA

 

Heard, 2011 [94]

Women

Not specified

Not specified

SSA

Senegal

Not specified

Cervical cancer

Review

Study from Senegal reported a substantial increase in the risk of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) which was observed with OR of 6.5 for ICC (95% CI 2.1–19.8) in HIV-infected women compared with control group of HIV-negative women

Jedy-Agba, 2016 [98]

Female, male

Not specified

Not specified

SSA

Nigeria

Not specified

Cervical cancer

Oropharyngeal cancer

Anal cancer

Quantitative

Study in Nigeria reported a two-fold higher risk of cervical cancer in people living with HIV/AIDS

Louie, 2009 [95]

Women

Not specified

Not specified

South Africa

Uganda

Not specified

Invasive cervical cancer

Review

HIV-infected women are at higher risk of being infected with Hr-HPV and are at a higher risk for persistence and associated cervical disease progression than HIV-uninfected women

Palefsky, 2006 [96]

Men who have sex with men

Women

Not specified

Not specified

SSA

South Africa

Uganda

Senegal

Not specified

Anal cancer

Cervical cancer

Review

HIV positivity is associated with increased prevalence of cervical HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia