Table 1 Key characteristics of included studies: primary studies (n = 349)
Criterion | Characteristic | Number of studies (%) |
|---|---|---|
Study design/publication type | Experimental | 123 (35.2) |
Observational | 116 (33.2) | |
Descriptive | 25 (7.1) | |
Discussion paper/report | 58 (16.6) | |
Qualitative | 19 (5.4) | |
Mixed-methods | 8 (2.5) | |
Country of origin of study | LMIC | 65 (18.6) |
HIC | 284 (81.4) | |
Intervention type | Primary prevention | 249 (71.3) |
Secondary prevention | 57 (16.3) | |
Tertiary prevention | 40 (11.5) | |
Multiple levels of prevention | 3 (0.9) | |
Year of publication | 1974–1983 | 3 (0.9) |
1984–1993 | 24 (6.9) | |
1994–2003 | 51 (14.6) | |
2004–2013 | 114 (32.7) | |
2014–2019 | 157 (44.9) | |
Population | Adults only | 68 (19.5) |
Children only | 72 (20.6) | |
Adults and children | 209 (59.6) | |
Setting | National | 76 (21.8) |
State/province | 114 (32.7) | |
City/town/village | 84 (24.1) | |
Neighbourhood/home/school/health facility/workplace/community | 59 (16.8) | |
Not reported | 16 (4.6) |