Table 3 Summary of interventions and strategies for primary prevention of neurotrauma from primary studies (n = 252)
Intervention/strategy type | Personal safety/protective equipment | Education/training/awareness-raising | Legislation/policy | Enforcement | Engineering | Multi-component |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No of studies | 58 | 48 | 96 | 36 | 51 | 4 |
Country type | ||||||
LMIC | 14 | 15 | 17 | 9 | 12 | 1 |
HIC | 44 | 33 | 79 | 27 | 39 | 3 |
Study design/publication type | ||||||
Experimental | 2 | 16 | 49 | 20 | 14 | 2 |
Observational | 28 | 3 | 23 | 5 | 15 | 1 |
Descriptive | 13 | 3 | 9 | – | 1 | – |
Discussion paper/report | 4 | 20 | 14 | 10 | 16 | 1 |
Qualitative | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | – |
Mixed methods | 4 | 3 | – | – | 1 | – |
Setting | ||||||
National | 11 | 12 | 34 | 15 | 20 | 1 |
State/province | 15 | 6 | 47 | 10 | 8 | – |
City/town/village | 27 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 18 | 2 |
Neighbourhood/school-based/health facility-based/workplace | 2 | 13 | 4 | – | 2 | 1 |
Not reported | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | – |
Years | ||||||
1974–1983 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
1984–1993 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 5 | – |
1994–2003 | 11 | 7 | 23 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
2004–2013 | 11 | 21 | 31 | 16 | 21 | 1 |
2014–2019 | 29 | 17 | 35 | 17 | 21 | 1 |
Population | ||||||
Adults and children | 34 | 23 | 49 | 32 | 43 | 3 |
Adults only | 6 | 15 | 13 | 4 | 6 | – |
Children only | 18 | 10 | 34 | – | 2 | 1 |