Table 4 Subgroup analysis of lifetime prevalence of alcohol, khat, and cigarettes smoking among students in Ethiopia
Subgroup | Khat | Alcohol | Cigarette smoking | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | |
By region | ||||||
 Somale | 1 | 33.3 (29.6, 37.3) |  | - | - | - |
 Tigrai | 2 | 31.5 (29.0, 34.0) | 2 | 50.2 (47.5, 52.9) | 2 | 12.8 (11.1, 14.6) |
 Oromia | 5 | 28.1 (21.0, 35.8) | 2 | 46.6 (44.3, 49.0) | 1 | 22.0 (19.5, 24.7) |
 Harari | 1 | 24.8 (22.8, 26.9) | 1 | 21.6 (19.7, 23.6) | 1 | 14.0 (12.4, 15.7) |
 Amhara | 10 | 22.6 (18.6, 26.8) | 5 | 49.8 (36.8, 62.8) | 6 | 13.3 (9.1, 18.1) |
 SNNP | 2 | 22.0 (20.1, 23.9) | 2 | 56.4 (54.1, 58.6) | 1 | 14.8 (12.9, 16.9) |
 Addis Ababa | 1 | 14.1 (11.5, 17.1) | 2 | 42.5 (40.8, 44.2) | 1 | 8.7 (6.6, 11.2) |
 Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | 17.6 (11.2, 24.1) |
Sample size | ||||||
 < 500 | 4 | 17.3 (12.5, 22.7) | 2 | 61.2 (57.7, 64.7) | 2 | 12.7 (10.4, 15.1) |
 500–1000 | 13 | 25.8 (21.7, 30.1) | 8 | 44.0 (34.7, 53.6) | 6 | 12.5 (8.5, 17.2) |
 > 1000 | 5 | 27.6 (22.3, 33.2) | 4 | 43.8 (28.0, 60.3) | 5 | 18.2 (12.6, 24.5) |
Female proportion (%) | ||||||
 10–20 | 3 | 24.9 (20.8, 29.3) | 1 | 48.6 (44.5, 52.8) | 1 | 13.1 (11.2, 15.3) |
 20–30 | 5 | 28.2 (22.2, 34.6) | 2 | 55.6 (53.5, 57.6) | 2 | 17.9 (16.4, 19.5) |
 30–40 | 7 | 23.6 (16.9, 31.0) | 5 | 47.6 (32.6, 62.9) | 4 | 12.9 (7.8, 19.2) |
 40–50 | 7 | 23.1 (17.9, 28.8) | 6 | 42.2 (30.5, 54.3) | 5 | 12.7 (8.8, 17.3) |
 > 50 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 28.6 (26.5, 30.9) |
Education level | ||||||
 Secondary school | 4 | 22.5 (15.2, 30.7) | 3 | 41.4 (22.1, 62.1) | 3 | 21.5 (12.6, 32.1) |
 University/college | 18 | 25.1 (21.9, 28.5) | 11 | 47.8 (39.9, 55.7) | 10 | 12.9 (10.1, 16.0) |
Mean age (year) | ||||||
 < 20 | 5 | 20.5 (13.8, 28.2) | 4 | 46.0 (28.6, 63.9) | 4 | 17.7 (9.8, 27.3) |
 20+ | 17 | 25.9 (22.6, 29.3) | 10 | 46.6 (38.3, 55.0) | 9 | 14.7 (11.3, 18.5) |
Year of publication | ||||||
 2000–2010 | 1 | 26.7 (24.1, 29.4) | - | - | 1 | 13.1 (11.2, 15.3) |
 2011–2014 | 13 | 26.2 (22.3, 30.4) | 10 | 44.9 (35.7, 54.3) | 10 | 15.7 (11.4, 20.5) |
 2015–2017 | 8 | 21.9 (17.6, 26.5) | 4 | 50.1 (37.9, 62.4) | 2 | 12.3 (10.8, 13.8) |
Study year | ||||||
 2000–2010 | 3 | 21.7 (15.4, 28.7) | 3 | 32.4 (17.5, 49.3) | 3 | 12.0 (9.2, 15.0) |
 2011–2014 | 14 | 26.3 (22.6, 30.3) | 10 | 52.1 (44.6, 59.6) | 9 | 16.6 (12.1, 21.7) |
 2015–2017 | 5 | 21.9 (15.5, 29.0) | 1 | 33.1 (29.5, 36.9) | 1 | 7.9 (6.0, 10.3) |