Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in meta-analysis of prevalence of lifetime substance use among students in Ethiopia
Author year | Region/city | Study year | Study setting | Sampling technique | Mean Age (year) | Sample size | Gender M, F (%) | Response rate (%) | Khat (%) | Alcohol (%) | Tobacco (%) | Any substance (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gebreslassie et al. 2013 [28] | Tigrai; Axum | 2012 | University | Stratified SRS | 22.3 | 756 | M = 60.3 F = 39.7 | 98.7 | 28.7 | 34.5 | 9.5 | 45.9 |
Tsegay and Esmael 2014 [55] | Amhara, Debre Markos | 2013 | University | SRS | 21.6 | 800 | M = 58.5 F = 41.5 | 94.6 | 30.8 | 35.0 | 11.3 | 48.4 |
Aklog T et al. 2013 [53] | Amhara; Debre Markos | 2013 | College | SRS | 19.8 | 410 | M = 54.9 F = 45.1 | 97 | 13.4 | 60.0 | 7.8 | 61.7 |
Kebede Y 2002 [41] | Amhara; Gonder, B/ Dar | 2001 | University | Stratified systematic | 20.0 | 1103 | M = 84.5 F = 15.5 | 87.7 | 26.7 | - | 13.1 | 28.4 |
Tesfaye G et al. 2014 [27] | Oromia; Harmaya | 2013 | University | Stratified SRS | 20.9 | 1022 | M = 76.0 F = 24.0 | 98.3 | 41.0 | 50.2 | 22.0 | 62.4 |
Kassa A et al. 2014 [33] | SNNP; Hawassa | 2011 | University | Stratified SRS | 20.7 | 586 | M = 81.7 F = 18.3 | 99.3 | - | - | - | 53.6 |
Kassa A et al. 2016 [61] | SNNP; Hawassa | 2011 | University | Stratified SRS | 20.7 | 586 | M = 81.7 F = 18.3 | 94.5 | 24.1 | 48.7 | - | - |
Fufa G et al. 2017 [66] | Somale; Jijiga | 2016 | University | Stratified SRS | 21.2 | 600 | M = 86.0 F = 14.0 | 92.6 | 33.3 | - | - | 52.4 |
Abrha K 2011 [42] | Tigrai; Mekelle | 2011 | University | Stratified SRS | 20.4 | 601 | M = 68.2 F = 31.8 | 90.8 | 35.1 | 69.7 | 17.5 | 82.7 |
Mekonen T et al. 2017 [69] | SNNP, Wolaita Sodo | 2015 | University | Clustered SRS | 21.2 | 725 | M = 66.5 F = 33.5 | 97.1 | - | - | - | 33.1 |
Adere A et al. 2017 [43] | Amhara; Woldia | 2015 | University | Stratified SRS | 20.7 | 655 | M = 69.3 F = 30.7 | 89.7 | 13.0 | 33.1 | 7.9 | 36.9 |
Birhanu MA et al. 2014 [34] | Amhara; Woreta | 2012 | GSS & PPS | Stratified SRS | 17.3 | 651 | M = 55.0 F = 45.0 | 95.2 | 34.9 | 59.0 | 22.9 | 65.4 |
Teshome G, 2012 [60] | Oromia; Adamma | 2012 | University | Stratified SRS | 21.8 | 728 | M = 87.5 F = 12.5 | 95.3 | 27.7 | - | - | - |
Gebrehanna E et al. 2014 [54] | Amhara; Bahr Dar | 2012 | University | Stratified SRS | 21.2 | 3001 | M = 77.6 F = 22.4 | 84.4 | 24 | - | - | - |
Wondimu GA et al. 2017 [46] | Amhara; Gondar | 2011 | University | Stratified SRS | 21.0 | 736 | M = 76.5 F = 23.5 | 92.0 | 27.7 | - | - | - |
Abdeta T et al. 2017 [32] | Oromia; Jimma | 2016 | University | Stratified SRS | 21.9 | 619 | M = 75.0 F = 25.0 | 95.1 | 26.3 | - | - | - |
Astatkie A et al. 2015 [62] | SNNP; Hawassa | 2014 | University | Stratified SRS | 21.4 | 1255 | M = 73.9 F = 26.1 | 97.3 | 22.8 | 59.9 | 14.8 | - |
Deressa & Azazh, 2011 [26] | Addis Ababa, AAU | 2009 | University | All | 20.4 | 622 | M = 68.5 F = 31.5 | 98.4 | 14.1 | 31.0 | 8.7 | - |
Dachew BA et al. 2015 [56] | Amhara; Gondar | 2014 | University | Stratified SRS | 21.3 | 836 | M = 64.4 F = 35.6 | 95.8 | 17.9 | Â | - | - |
Deresse A et al. 2014 [31] | Oromia, Haramaya | 2011 | University | Stratified SS | 21.0 | 725 | M = 60.4 F = 39.6 | 95.0 | 30.3 | 41.7 | - | - |
Birhanu B, 2014 [57] | Amhara, D/Berhan | 2014 | University | Stratified SRS | 21.2 | 346 | F = 60.1, F = 39.9 | 95.0 | 25.4 | 62.7 | 19.6 | - |
Dires E, et al. 2016 [59] | Oromia; Jimma | 2015 | GSS | Stratified SRS | 16.05 | 296 | M = 43.2 F = 56.8 | 100 | 15.9 | - | - | - |
Lakew A, et al. 2014 [58] | Amhara, Ataye | 2014 | GSS and PPS | Stratified SRS | 17.21 | 332 | M = 53.6 F = 46.4 | 88.0 | 15.4 | - | - | - |
Reda A et al. 2012 [64] | Harari, Harar | 2010 | GSS and PPS | Cluster sampling | 16.4 | 1721 | M = 50.1 F = 49.9 | 91.1 | 24.2 | - | - | - |
Reda A et al. 2012 [30] | Harari, Harar | 2010 | GSS and PPS | Cluster sampling | 16.4 | 1721 | M = 50.1 F = 49.9 | 91.1 | - | 22.2 | - | - |
Reda A et al. 2012 [65] | Harari, Harar | 2010 | GSS and PPS | Cluster sampling | 16.4 | 1721 | M = 50.1 F = 49.9 | 91.1 | - | - | 12.4 | - |
Teshome and Gedif. 2013 [63] | Addis Ababa | 2010 | GSS and PPS | Cluster sampling | 16.93 | 2551 | M = 45.2 F = 54.8 | 92.4 | - | 45.7 | - | - |
Dereje N et al. 2014 [67] | Oromia and SNNP | 2014 | GSS and PPS | Stratified SRS | 15.6 | 1673 | M = 47.7 F = 52.3 | 98.2 | - | - | 28.6 | - |