Skip to main content

Table 2 Weighted national prevalence of T2DM in childbearing age women in MENA countries

From: Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies in women of childbearing age in the Middle East and North Africa, 2000–2018

Country/population

No. of studies

Tested sample

T2DM

T2DM prevalence

Heterogeneity measures

Range (%)

Median

(%)

Weighted prev. %

95% CI

Subgroup

p value

Q (p value)1

I2 (%)2

95% prediction interval (%)3

Algeria

 Pregnant

1

130

3

2.3

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

Egypt

 Infertile

2

63

18

17.6–32.6

25.1

28.2

17.4–40.3

NE

NE

NE

NE

Iran

 General population4

8

11,143

406

1.1–17.4

4.9

5.3

1.7–10.6

< 0.001

334.2 (p < 0.001)

97.9

0.0–30.0

 Pregnant

5

4135

252

1.3–8.1

4.6

3.9

1.5–7.4

75.0 (p < 0.001)

94.7

0.0–20.0

 Non-pregnant with a history of GDM

2

173

44

12.7–32.7

22.7

24.7

18.5–31.5

NE

NE

NE

Study period5

 2000–2009

13

14,324

564

1.1–15.6

4.8

4.3

2.2–7.0

< 0.001

328.4 (p < 0.001)

96.3

0.0–20.0

 2010–2018

1

1170

102

17.4

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

 Overlapping6

1

110

36

32.7

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

 Overall7

15

15,604

702

1.1–32.7

5.1

6.2

3.5–9.5

 

471.6 (p < 0.001)

97.0

0.0–20.0

Iraq

 General population4

3

1480

220

6.1–33.1

15.2

16.4

6.5–29.8

NE

56.7 (p < 0.001)

96.5

NE

Study period5

 2000–2009

1

148

49

33.1

NE

NE

NE

< 0.001

NE

NE

NE

 2010–2018

2

1332

171

6.1–15.2

10.6

12.5

10.8–14.3

NE

NE

NE

Jordan

 General population4 (2012–2013)

1

71

2

2.8

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

Kuwait

 General population4 (2002–2009/2004)

4

2980

212

0.0–13.9

4.8

5.4

1.5–11.2

NE

82.8 (p < 0.001)

96.4

0.0–40.0

Lebanon

 General population4 (2003–2004)

2

544

39

5.1–9.9

7.5

7.0

5.0–9.3

NE

11.2 (p < 0.001)

NE

NE

Morocco

 General population4 (2001–2002)

2

113

2

0.0–2.8

1.4

1.3

0.0–4.7

NE

1.6 (p = 0.1)

NE

NE

Oman

 General population4 (first quarter of 2000)

3

2088

132

3.4–15.2

7.9

8.0

2.9–15.4

0.2

48.9 (p < 0.001)

95.9

NE

 Pregnant (before 2011)

1

126

18

14.3

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

 Overall7

4

2214

140

3.4–15.2

11.1

9.3

4.2–16.2

 

59.1 (p < 0.001)

94.9

0.0–50.0

Qatar

 General population4 (2007–2008)

3

471

60

3.8–24.1

8.2

10.8

2.2–24.4

NE

31.5 (p < 0.001)

93.7

NE

Saudi Arabia

 General population4

30

21,452

2748

0.0–35.2

6.5

8.0

5.3–11.3

< 0.001

1679.1 (p < 0.001)

98.3

0.0–30.0

 Pregnant

4

5942

210

0.8–18.0

2.4

4.3

0.5–11.5

281.7 (p < 0.001)

98.9

0.0–60.0

 Patients8

4

452

44

0.0–26.1

0.8

4.5

0.0–19.9

80.7 (p < 0.001)

96.3

0.0–10.0

Study period5

 2000–2009

27

25,059

2935

0.0–35.2

8.2

9.2

6.0–13.0

< 0.001

2214 (p < 0.001)

98.8

0.0–40.0

 2010–2018

11

2787

67

0.0–18.5

2.2

2.8

0.7–6.0

101.7 (p < 0.001)

90.2

0.0–20.0

 Overall7

38

27,846

3002

0.0–35.2

5.1

7.2

4.6–10.2

 

2679.8 (p < 0.001)

98.6

0.0–30.0

Tunisia

 General population4 (2005)

3

2191

190

5.1–12.0

8.8

8.4

4.9–12.8

NE

23.0 (p < 0.001)

91.3

NE

United Arab Emirates

 General population4

21

27,043

2337

1.2–26.2

7.1

8.0

4.8–11.9

< 0.001

1777.5 (p < 0.001)

98.9

0.0–30.0

 Pregnant

1

2337

50

2.1

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

 Non-pregnant with a history of GDM

1

549

50

9.1

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

Study period5

 2000–2009

10

4231

494

1.2–26.2

8.7

9.4

5.6–14.1

0.4

182.9 (p < 0.001)

95.1

0.0–30.0

 2010–2018

9

3906

169

2.1–12.2

5.6

6.0

3.3–9.5

84.5 (p < 0.001)

90.5

0.0–20.0

 Overlapping6

4

21,792

1774

1.2–25.7

5.1

7.3

1.2–17.9

1499.9 (p < 0.001)

99.8

0.0–80.0

 Overall7

23

29,929

2437

1.2–26.2

7.1

7.7

4.8–11.2

 

1921.1 (p < 0.001)

98.9

0.0–30.0

Yemen

 General population4 (Before 2011)

1

54

5

9.3

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

All countries

Population

 General population5

81

69,630

6353

0.0–35.2

6.2

7.7

6.1–9.4

< 0.001

4443.5 (p < 0.001)

98.2

0.0–30.0

 Pregnant

12

12,670

533

0.8–18.0

2.8

4.3

2.1–7.0

460.7 (p < 0.001)

97.6

0.0–20.0

 Non-pregnant with a history of GDM

3

722

94

9.1–32.7

12.7

17.0

4.9–34.1

NE

94.1

NE

 Patients8

4

605

44

0.0–26.1

2.0

4.5

0.0–19.9

NE

44.8

NE

 Infertile

2

63

18

17.6–32.6

25.1

28.2

17.4–40.3

NE

NE

NE

Study period5

 2000–2009

71

52,459

4703

0.0–35.2

6.7

7.9

6.2–9.7

0.4

3280.9 (p < 0.001)

97.9

0.0–30.0

 2010–2018

26

9329

529

0.0–32.6

4.9

5.8

3.4–8.7

547.5 (p < 0.001)

95.4

0.0–30.0

 Overlapping6

5

21,902

1810

1.2–32.7

7.4

10.9

3.4–21.8

1553.0 (p < 0.001)

99.7

0.0–60.0

Ascertainment9

 WHO guidelines

27

14,843

1358

0.0–32.7

8.4

8.6

6.6–10.8

0.4

510.8 (p < 0.001)

94.9

0.0–20.0

 ADA guidelines

34

50,307

4312

0.0–33.1

6.0

7.4

4.9–10.3

3315.2 (p < 0.001)

99.7

0.0–30.0

 IDF guidelines

1

555

54

9.7

9.7

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

 Medical records/anti-DM medications/self-reported

40

17,985

1318

0.0–35.2

5.0

6.8

4.5–9.5

1595.7 (p < 0.001)

97.6

0.0–30.0

Sample size

 < 100

16

1002

72

0.0–32.1

4.8

5.5

2.7–9.1

0.4

69.7 (p < 0.001)

75.6

0.0–20.0

 ≥ 100

84

82,688

6970

0.0–35.2

6.1

7.8

6.3–9.5

5513.1 (p < 0.001)

98.5

0.0–30.0

Overall10

102

83,690

7042

0.0–35.2

6.1

7.5

6.1–9.0

 

5583.0 (p < 0.001)

98.2

0.0–30.0

  1. 1Q: Cochran’s Q statistic is a measure assessing the existence of heterogeneity in estimates of T2DM prevalence
  2. 2I2: a measure assessing the percentage of between-study variation that is due to differences in T2DM prevalence estimates across studies rather than chance
  3. 3Prediction interval: estimates the 95% confidence interval in which the true T2DM prevalence estimate in a new study is expected to fall
  4. 4General populations could include healthy population, health care workers, migrant workers, or employees
  5. 5Year range does not cover every single year within that range. In studies with unclear information on when the study was conducted, we subtracted 2 years from the publication year as this was the median of the data collection period and the publication year for the other studies with full information
  6. 6Study period was before and after 2009
  7. 7Pooled estimate, regardless of the tested population, sample size, and data collection period, used the most updated criteria when T2DM was ascertained, based on different criteria in the same population
  8. 8Patients could be those on kidney dialysis, or with arthritis, organ transplant, cancer, HIV, COPD, PCOS, or schizophrenia
  9. 9Regardless of the year of the guidelines for the most updated criteria when T2DM was ascertained, based on different criteria in the same population
  10. 10Overall pooled estimate in the 15 countries regardless of the tested population, sample size, and data collection period, using the most updated criteria when T2DM ascertained using different criteria in the same population
  11. NE not estimable, CI confidence interval calculated using the exact binomial method, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, GDM gestational diabetes, WHO World Health Organization, ADA American Diabetes Association, IDF International Diabetes Federation, HIV human immunodeficiency syndrome, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome
Back to article page

Systematic Reviews

ISSN: 2046-4053