Fig. 1
Description of the pulmonary function measurements on which the IPD analysis is based. The exercise-induced decline in FEV1 was measured on two occasions: after the administration of placebo and after the β2-agonist. The figures are for the participant X shown in Fig. 2. The FEV1 declines after placebo and after β2-agonist lead to an absolute effect of 41 percentage point (pp) less decline in FEV1 (based on 70–29), and to a relative effect of 58% less decline after the β2-agonist (based on 41/70). If there was no absolute mean effect, this leads to a 0% relative effect (0/70 = 0), and if all FEV1 decline was fully prevented, this leads to a 100% effect (70/70 = 1)