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Table 3 PROSPERO protocols listing multiple tools by study design

From: Risk of bias tools in systematic reviews of health interventions: an analysis of PROSPERO-registered protocols

Systematic reviews of both RCT and NRS using design-specific RoB tools

N = 102

Tools planned to be used for RCT*

Tools planned to be used for NRS*

Tool

N (%)

Tool

N (%)

Cochrane RoB Tool [5]

67 (65.7)

Newcastle-Ottawa Scale [18]

40 (39.2)

JBI Tools [15]

7 (6.9)

ROBINS-I [21]

34 (33.3)

Cochrane RoB 2 Tool [20]

5 (4.9)

JBI Tools [15]

9 (8.8)

Jadad Scale [19]

4 (3.9)

CASP Checklists [32]

8 (7.8)

CASP Checklists [32]

4 (3.9)

NHLBI Tools [30]

5 (4.9)

Cochrane EPOC [33]

2 (2.0)

Cochrane RoB Tool [5]

3 (6.9)

NHLBI Tools [30]

2 (2.0)

Downs and Black [16]

3 (2.9)

PEDro Scale [17]

2 (2.0)

STROBE Statement** [34]

3 (2.9)

Downs and Black [16]

2 (2.0)

Cochrane RoB 2 Tool [20]

2 (2.0)

Tool listed < 2 times

6 (5.9)

MINORS [27]

2 (2.0)

Unclear/none listed

3 (2.9)

NICE Checklists [35]

2 (2.0)

  

Tool listed < 2 times

6 (5.9)

  

Unclear/none listed

2 (2.0)

  1. Note: Tools listed only once were excluded. Unless “2” or “2.0” was specifically stated, it was assumed that the original version of the Cochrane RoB Tool was being referenced
  2. *Some protocols listed multiple tools for RCT or NRS. Proportions reflect planned use of each tool per 102 protocols
  3. **This is not a RoB tool for NRS, but was identified as such by protocol authors
  4. CASP = Critical Appraisal Skills Program; EPOC = Effective Practice and Organisation of Care; JBI = Joanna Briggs Institute; MINORS = Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies; MMAT = Mixed Methods Assessment Tool; NICE = National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; NHLBI = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; NRS = Non-randomized study; PEDro = Physiotherapy Evidence Database; QUADAS = Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies; RCT = Randomized controlled trial; RoB = Risk of bias; ROBINS-I = Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions; STROBE = Strengthening The Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology