Table 4 Risk of bias assessment
Random sequence generation bias (selection bias) | Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) | Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Patient-reported outcomes | Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Evaluator-reported outcomes | Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Post-treatment | Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Follow-up | Selective reporting (reporting bias) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comer et al. (USA) [28] | Non-RCT | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Not applicable | Low risk |
Comer et al. (USA) [30] | RCT | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk |
Farrell et al., 2016 (Australia) [31] | Non-RCT | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Lenhard et al., 2014 (Sweden) [32] | Non-RCT | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Lenhard et al., 2017 | RCT | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Storch et al., 2011 (USA) [34] | RCT | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |