Table 4 Benefits and harms of the HPV vaccines: summary of HPV-related outcomes
Summary of HPV-related outcomesa | HPV vaccine (N = 47,075) | Comparator (N = 48,595) | Risk ratioc [95% CI] |
|---|---|---|---|
Cancer mortality | |||
Total | 2 | 1 | 1.44 [0.23, 9.12] |
Cervical | 1 (50%) | 0 (0%) | 2.99 [0.12, 73.33] |
Oropharyngeal | 1 (50%) | 1 (100%) | 1.00 [0.10, 9.58] |
Cancer incidence | |||
Total | 7 | 3 | 1.68 [0.51, 5.49] |
Anal | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | Not applicable |
Cervical | 3 (43%) | 2 (67%) | 1.41 [0.19, 10.21] |
Oropharyngeal | 1 (14%) | 1 (33%) | 1.00 [0.10, 9.58] |
Penile | Not reported | Not reported | Not applicable |
Vaginal | 1 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 2.99 [0.12, 73.33] |
Vulvar | 2 (29%) | 0 (0%) | 3.01 [0.31, 28.89] |
Not HPV-related | 20 | 23 | 0.90 [0.49, 1.63] |
Carcinoma in situ incidence | |||
Total | 367 | 490 | 0.73 [0.53, 1.00] |
Anal (AIN3) | Not reported | Not reported | Not applicable |
Cervical | 367 (100%) | 490 (100%) | 0.73 [0.53, 1.00] |
Adenoid type (AIS) | 9 (2%) | 31 (6%) | 0.32 [0.15, 0.66] |
Squamous type (CIN3) | 358 (98%) | 459 (94%) | 0.85 [0.61, 1.17] |
Penile (PIN3) | Not reported | Not reported | Not applicable |
Vaginal (VaIN3) | Not reported | Not reported | Not applicable |
Vulvar (VIN3) | Not reported | Not reported | Not applicable |
Moderate intraepithelial neoplasia incidence | |||
Total | 538 | 763 | 0.81 [0.59, 1.11] |
Anal (AIN2) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | Not applicable |
Cervical (CIN2) | 538 (100%) | 763 (100%) | 0.81 [0.59, 1.11] |
Penile (PIN2) | Not reported | Not reported | Not applicable |
Vaginal (VaIN2) | Not reported | Not reported | Not applicable |
Vulvar (VIN2) | Not reported | Not reported | Not applicable |
Carcinoma in situ or worse incidence | |||
Total | 372 | 498 | 0.79 [0.59, 1.05] |
Anal (AIN3+) | Not reported | Not reported | Not applicable |
Cervical (CIN3+, AIS included) | 372 (100%) | 498 (100%) | 0.79 [0.59, 1.05] |
Penile (PIN3+) | Not reported | Not reported | Not applicable |
Vaginal (VaIN3+) | Not reported | Not reported | Not applicable |
Vulvar (VIN3+) | Not reported | Not reported | Not applicable |
Moderate intraepithelial neoplasia or worse incidence | |||
Total | 952 | 1239 | 0.78 [0.66, 0.91] |
Anal (AIN2+) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | Not applicable |
Cervical (CIN2+) | 892 (93%) | 1144 (92%) | 0.81 [0.68, 0.97] |
Penile (PIN2+) | 3 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 1.00 [0.20, 4.95] |
Vaginal (VaIN2+) | 17 (2%) | 27 (2%) | 0.64 [0.32, 1.27] |
Vulvar (VIN2+) | 18 (2%) | 36 (3%) | 0.49 [0.18, 1.36] |
Vaginal or vulvar (VIN2+ or VaIN2+) | 22 (2%) | 29 (2%) | 0.76 [0.44, 1.32] |
External genital lesion (EGL) incidence | |||
Total | 289 | 582 | 0.56 [0.39, 0.82] |
HPV-related referral proceduresb | |||
Any | 1941 | 2264 | 0.86 [0.81, 0.90] |
Biopsy | 2449 | 3021 | 0.74 [0.62, 0.88] |
Endoscopy | 4354 | 4965 | 0.88 [0.85, 0.91] |
Treatment (surgical and non-surgical) | 1018 | 1416 | 0.71 [0.63, 0.80] |