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Table 3 Factors with evidence to support a relation to length of stay up to 1 year

From: Factors associated with length of stay in care homes: a systematic review of international literature

Predictors

Lowest ratio

Highest ratio

Strong evidence

Moderate evidence

Weak evidence

Clinical intervention—oxygen therapy

1.6 (1.4–1.8)

HR (CI)

2.61 (1.30–5.21)

OR (CI)

X

  

Age

1.02 (0.98–1.07)

HR (CI)

3.05

HR

 

X

 

Cancer

1.36 (1.21–1.53)

HR (CI)

374 (174–804)

OR (CI)

 

X

 

Care home characteristics—nursing

1.14 (1.01–1.30)

HR (CI)

1.48 (1.36–1.61)

HR (CI)

 

X

 

Feeding—appetite

1.39 (1.37–1.41)

OR (CI)

2.16 (1.59–2.93)

HR (CI)

 

X

 

Gender—being femalea

0.49 (0.36–0.66)

HR (CI)

2.10 (1.22–3.60)

RR

 

X

 

General health

1.1

OR

6.04 (4.19–8.71)

OR (CI)

 

X

 

Nutrition—low BMI or malnutrition

0.844 (0.766–0.930)

HR (CI)

2.26 (1.56–3.28)

RR (CI)

 

X

 

Physical functioning

0.718 (0.644–0.801)

HR (CI)

8.0 (2.2–47.8)

OR (CI)

 

X

 

Respiratory disorders/COPD

1.17 (1.04–1.33)

HR (CI)

3.4 (1.3–8.8)

OR (CI)

 

X

 

Shortness of breath

1.5 (1.3–1.9)

HR (CI)

2.69 (2.20–3.29)

HR (CI)

 

X

 

Admission source—hospital

0.81 (0.43–1.52)

HR (CI)

2.02 (1.2–3.3)

HR (CI)

  

X

Biochemical indicators

0.25

PCC

1.55 (1.12–2.13)

OR (CI)

  

X

Cognitive function

0.8

OR

10.5 (1.02–1.08)

HR (CI)

  

X

Falls and fracturesa

0.40 (0.21–0.74)

OR (CI)

1.2

OR

  

X

Feeding—feeding tube or help with feeding or diet

0.7

OR

4.05 (1.40–1.73)

HR (CI)

  

X

Incontinence or catheter use

0.93

RR

1.1

OR

  

X

Pressure ulcers

1.03 (1.00–1.06)

HR (CI)

2.7 (1.37–5.1)

OR (CI)

  

X

  1. Combined results of evidence rating for each factor identified: strong, moderate, weak and inconclusive evidence—limited to studies with 1 year follow-up or less
  2. aAssociated with longer length of stay