Table 3 Eligibility criteria based on PICOH acronym

 Term

Definition

  P—population

Implementation studies of SMS programs targeted to adult cancer populations (age 18 and over) at any stage of the cancer trajectory (treatment, post-treatment survivorship, palliative or end of life care).

  I—intervention

Any implementation intervention study that focused on, or incorporated strategies to support self-management and delivered as part of routine clinical service or in a community agency or organization. SMS program targeting patients and/or providers and/or changes in the delivery system in the context of cancer care.

Study design: Implementation studies that include a range of methodologies: population-level randomized controlled trials or cluster trials, quasi-experimental prospective studies, retrospective controlled studies, interrupted time series, controlled before and after studies, case-control, uncontrolled before and after studies, observational studies, qualitative studies of implementation processes or strategies or factors enabling or hindering implementation.

  C—comparator

Any comparator such as usual care or other intervention if relevant.

  O—outcomes

Outcomes of interest are not restricted but could include (self-management/self-care behaviors/healthy lifestyle behaviors, symptoms, emotional distress or adjustment (depression/anxiety), quality of life, patient experience, self-efficacy/mastery, survival, empowerment, health care use and/or costs, biological markers of disease, and process or implementation outcomes (clinicians’ knowledge and skills, attendance at education sessions, change in care delivery processes as per EPOC).

  H—healthcare context

Any health care setting that provides care to cancer populations; hospital, ambulatory or outpatient care, community services or organizations, primary care practices, remote (telehealth or other web-based designs).