Advertisement
Table 2 Table of critical confounders developed for a systematic review of studies assessing the association of dairy intake with cardiovascular outcomes
| Outcome | Confounders (p/h) | Confounders (all outcomes) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. CVD mortality |
Fibre supplement (p) Red meat (h) Sodium (Na+) (h) |
Age Sex BMI Smoking Alcohol intake History of co-morbidities Parenteral/Fhx MI < 60 years PA levels SES Total energy intake Fruit and vegetable intake Specialised confounders Hormone therapy |
| 2. CVD events |
Fibre supplement (p) Magnesium supplement (p) | |
| 3. CHD mortality |
Fibre supplement (p) Trans fat (h) Polyunsaturated fat (n-6) (p) Sodium (+Na) (h) | |
| 4. CHD events |
Fibre supplement (p) Trans fat (h) Magnesium supplement (p) Polyunsaturated fat (n-6) (p) | |
| 5. Total MI |
Aspirin (p) Vitamin E supplement (p) | |
| 6. Fatal MI | Vitamin E supplement (p) | |
| 7. Non-fatal MI | Aspirin (p) | |
| 8. Total stroke |
Potassium supplement (p) Red meat (h) Sodium (+Na) (h) | |
| 9. Ischemic stroke |
Aspirin (p) Polyunsaturated fat (LC n-3) (p) Red meat (h) | |
| 10. Haemorrhagic stroke | Aspirin (h) |
