Table 2 Table of critical confounders developed for a systematic review of studies assessing the association of dairy intake with cardiovascular outcomes
Outcome | Confounders (p/h) | Confounders (all outcomes) |
|---|---|---|
1. CVD mortality | Fibre supplement (p) Red meat (h) Sodium (Na+) (h) | Age Sex BMI Smoking Alcohol intake History of co-morbidities Parenteral/Fhx MI < 60 years PA levels SES Total energy intake Fruit and vegetable intake Specialised confounders Hormone therapy |
2. CVD events | Fibre supplement (p) Magnesium supplement (p) | |
3. CHD mortality | Fibre supplement (p) Trans fat (h) Polyunsaturated fat (n-6) (p) Sodium (+Na) (h) | |
4. CHD events | Fibre supplement (p) Trans fat (h) Magnesium supplement (p) Polyunsaturated fat (n-6) (p) | |
5. Total MI | Aspirin (p) Vitamin E supplement (p) | |
6. Fatal MI | Vitamin E supplement (p) | |
7. Non-fatal MI | Aspirin (p) | |
8. Total stroke | Potassium supplement (p) Red meat (h) Sodium (+Na) (h) | |
9. Ischemic stroke | Aspirin (p) Polyunsaturated fat (LC n-3) (p) Red meat (h) | |
10. Haemorrhagic stroke | Aspirin (h) |