Table 2 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis assessing the association between diabetes mellitus and multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis
Author | County | Design | Sample size (TB-DM) | Data collection procedure | DM diagnosis | Diagnosis of TB | Diagnosis of MDR-TB | TB type | DM type | OR (95% CI)†† | Adjustment to confounders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baghaei P et al. [25] | Iran | CC | 282 (24) | Record review | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | All | Type not mentioned | 0.68 (0.19–2.36) | No |
Bashar M et al. [18] | USA | CC | 155 (50) | Record review | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | All | T1 and T2 | 5.30 (1.90–14.70) | Homelessness and HIV status |
Carreira S et al. [34] | Portugal | RC | 246 (123) | Record review | FBS/previous history of DM and receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents | Not specified | Not specified | All | Type not mentioned | 1.49 (0.24–9.06) | No |
Chang JT [14] | Taiwan | PC | 192 (60) | Record review/clinical/laboratory | FBS | Clinical/chest radiographs/sputum culture (LJ media) | DST (proportional methods) | New | T2 | 6.66 (0.68–65.38) | No |
Fisher-Hoch SP et al. [50] | USA | CS | 1442 (401) | Not mentioned | Self-report | Sputum Culture | DST | All | T2 | 2.14 (1.10–4.17) | Age, gender, alcohol and drug abuse, HIV infection, history of previous TB infection |
Fisher-Hoch SP et al. [50]† | Mexico | CS | 1436 (287) | Not mentioned | Self-report | AFB/culture | DST | All | T2 | 1.80 (1.13–2.87) | Age and gender |
Gomez-Gomez A et al. [23] | Mexico | CC | 175 (56) | Record review | FBS/HbA1c | Culture/PCR for mycobacterium TB complex | DST (proportion method) | All | T1 and T2 | 2.51 (1.11–5.67) | Age, sex, smoking history, chronic alcohol abuse, malnutrition, other illness conditions |
Hafez S et al. [32] | Egypt | PC | 40 (12) | Face-to-face interview/clinical/laboratory | FBS | AFB/culture (LJ) | DST (proportional method) | All | T1 and T2 | 2.96 (0.73–11.93) | No |
Hsu A et al. [48]* | Taiwan | CS | 139 (41) | Record review/laboratory | FBS | Culture | DST (proportional method) | Previously treated | T1 and T2 | 1.52 (0.59–3.95) | Age, sex |
Hsu A et al. [48] | Taiwan | CS | 869 (204) | Record review/lab | FBS | Culture | DST (proportional method) | New | T1 and T2 | 0.95 (0.34–2.68) | Age, sex |
Jitmuang A et al. [54] | Thailand | CC | 188 (31) | Record review | Not specified | Culture (LJ) | DST (proportional method) | All | Type not mentioned | 1.28 (0.54–3.02) | No |
Magee MJ et al. [31]* | Peru | PC | 823 (143) | Record review/lab/interview | FBS/RBS/HbA1c/medication with Insulin or Oral hypoglycemic agents | AFB | DST (Griess method) | New | T1 and T2 | 0.45 (0.26–0.78) | No |
Magee MJ et al. [53] | Georgia | PC | 263 (37) | Face-to-face interview/clinical/lab | HbA1c¥ | AFB/culture (LJ)/X-ray | DST (absolute concentration method) | New | Type not mentioned | 2.27 (1.02–5.08) | Age, sex, HIV status and smoking |
Magee MJ et al. [31] | Peru | PC | 848 (43) | Record review/interview/lab | FBS/RBS/HbA1c/medication with Insulin or Oral hypoglycemic agents | AFB | DST (Griess method) | Previously treated | T1 and T2 | 1.10 (0.56–2.19) | No |
Mi F et al. [49]* | China | CS | 422 (144) | Record review | FBS | AFB/culture (LJ-media) | DST (proportional method) | New | T2 | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) | No |
Mi F et al. [49] | China | CS | 199 (43) | Record review | FBS | AFB/culture (LJ-media) | DST (proportional method) | Previously treated | T2 | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | No |
Min J et al. [52] | Korea, Rep. | CC | 195 (55) | Record review | Record review | AFB/Chest radiographs/Culture | DST (LJ-media) | All | T1 and T2 | 2.68 (1.05–6.86) | Age and smoking |
Perez-Navarro LM et al. [19] | Mexico | CC | 409 (146) | Record review | FBS | AFB | NA | All | T2 | 3.50 (1.10–11.10) | Age |
Perez-Navarro LM et al. [30] | Mexico | PC | 507 (183) | Record review/self-report /lab | FBS | AFB | DST (BACTEC, MGIT) | New | T2 | 3.50 (1.60–7.10) | Age, sex, smoking, overcrowding |
Saktiawati AMI et al. [35] | Indonesia | RC | 356 (23) | Record review | FBS | AFB/positive chest X-ray/clinical | GeneXpert (MTB/RIF)/DST | All | T2 | ||
Rifat M et al. [20] | Bangladesh | CC | 1000 (83) | Face-to-face interview and record review | Not specified | AFB/X-ray | PCR (Xpert MTB/RIF)/culture/DST/Line probe assay | All | T2 | 2.56 (1.51–4.34) | Age, education, occupation and smoking status |
Salindri A et al. [33] | Georgia | PC | 268 (36) | Interview/lab | HbA1c | Molecular diagnostic test/AFB/culture (LJ)/clinical | DST (absolute concentration method) | New | Type not mentioned | 2.51 (1.00–6.31) | Age, sex, education, income, smoking status, alcohol use, HIV status, kidney disease |
Suarez-Garcia I et al. [21] | Spain | CC | 696 (41) | Record review | Not specified | Culture | DST (agar proportion method) | All | Type not mentioned | 1.84 (0.53–6.33) | No |
Tanrikulu A et al. [28] | Turkey | CC | 112 (9) | Record review | Not specified | Culture | DST (indirect proportion method) | All | Type not mentioned | 4.65 (1.01–21.51) | No |
Zhang Q et al. [51] | China | CS | 2141 (203) | Record review | FBS | AFB/sputum culture | DST (proportional method) | All | T1 and T2 | 2.11 (1.42–3.11) | No |