Skip to main content

Table 6 Data extracted from articles: Incidence and intensity of CHE and impoverishment reported in various articles

From: Understanding variations in catastrophic health expenditure, its underlying determinants and impoverishment in Sub-Saharan African countries: a scoping review

No.

Author

County

Primary outcome

Threshold

Incidence range

Intensity range

Poverty Line

Poverty Head count

HHs Impoverished

Out of Pocket expenditure

Type of costs

Inpatient & Outpatient costs

1

(Xu et al., 2006) [47, 48]

Kenya

CHE & Impoverishment

40% – Non-food Expenditure

40% (4.1)

NR

$0.5 (28 KES)

30.5

1.5%

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

2

(Onwujekwe et al., 2010) [66]

Nigeria

CHE

5% - Non-food expenditure

5% (8.2)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Outpatient

3

(Kwesiga et al., 2015) [57, 59]

Uganda

CHE & Impoverishment

10% - HH income

5%, 10%, 15%, 25% (38, 22.8, 15.3, 6.7)

5%, 10%, 15%, 25% (3.8, 2.5 1.7, 0.8)

$1

29%

4.5%

Direct costs

Medical

Outpatient

4

(Akazili et al., 2017) [65]

Ghana

CHE

5% - 20% HH expenditure 10% - 40% Non-food expenditure

5%,10%,15%,20% - HH Income, (11, 5.16, 3.39,2.56) 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% - Non-food expenditure (10.7, 4.91, 3.17, 2.43)

5%,10%,15%,20% - HH Income, (1.83, 1.47, 1.26, 1.11) 10%, 20%, 40% -Non-food expenditure (3.39, 2.68, 2.01)

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

5

(Laokri et al., 2014) [40]

Benin

CHE

10% - HH income

5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% (88.6, 71.8, 58, 45.7, 36.3)

5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% (12.8, 7.8, 2.8, 2.2, 7.2)

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical

Outpatient

6

(Barasa et al., 2017) [52]

Kenya

CHE & Impoverishment

40% – Non-food Expenditure

40% (6.58)

40% (5.73)

$0.75 (29.13 Urban, 15.62 Rural per month)

68.21

1.6%

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

7

(Ichoku and Fonta, 2009) [41]

Nigeria

CHE & Impoverishment

10%, 30%, 40% - HH expenditure

2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%,40% (47.8, 38.8, 22.7, 13.6, 9, 3.5, 1.7)

2.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%,40% (6.2, 5.8, 4.7, 3.6, 2.8, 1.5, 0.9)

$22.2 per month

72

2.6%

NR

NR

NR

8

(Chuma and Maina, 2012) [60]

Kenya

CHE & Impoverishment

10% - HH expenditure & 40% - Non-food expenditure

10%, 25%, 40% (15.5, 16, 11.4)

10%, 25%, 40% (11, 27.2, 25.4)

$0.5 (1257 KES per month)

57.6

2.7%

Direct costs

Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

9

(Buigut et al., 2015) [53]

Kenya

CHE

10% HH income

10%, 15%, 20%, 30% (22.8, 4.11, 2.7, 1.55)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Outpatient

10

(Su et al., 2006) [44]

Burkina Faso

CHE

40% – Non-food Expenditure

20%, 30%, 40% (15.12, 10.59, 8.66)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

11

(Sene and Cisse, 2015) [30]

Senegal

CHE & Impoverishment

10% - HH expenditure

5%, 10%, 15%,20%, 25% (16.2, 6.26, 2.33, 1.38, 0.87)

NR

$1

48.14

1.4%

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

12

(Dyer et al., 2013) [45]

South Africa

CHE

40% – Non-food Expenditure

40% (22)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct & Indirect costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Outpatient

13

(Brinda et al., 2014) [51]

Tanzania

CHE

40% – Non-food Expenditure

40% (18)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

14

Masiye et al., 2016) [49]

Zambia

CHE

10% - HH income & 40% - Non-food expenditure

10%, 40% (11.2, 9.3)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Outpatient

15

(Arsenault et al., 2013) [55]

Mali

CHE

10% - HH income

5%, 10%, 15% (53.5, 33.5, 20.7)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Outpatient

16

(Okoronkwo et al., 2015) [72]

Nigeria

CHE

30% – Non-food Expenditure

30% (45)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Outpatient

17

Ughasoro et al., 2014) [73]

Nigeria

CHE

40% – Non-food Expenditure

40% (Inpatient-63.6, Outpatient 34.1)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

18

(Mills et al., 2012) [14]

Ghana; South Africa; Tanzania

CHE

40% – Non-food Expenditure

40% (Ghana-2.43, Tanzania-1.52, South Africa-0.09)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

NR

NR

19

(Onwujekwe et al., 2012) [64]

Nigeria

CHE

40% – Non-food Expenditure

5%, 40% (57, 27)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Not indicated

Inpatient & Outpatient

20

(Onwujekwe et al., 2009) [62]

Nigeria

CHE

40% – Non-food Expenditure

40% (9.8)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Outpatient

21

(Onwujekwe et al., 2016) [38]

Nigeria

CHE

40% – Non-food Expenditure

10%, 40% (Inpatient-100, 40.3: Outpatient-94.3, 7.7)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

22

(Akinkugbe et al., 2012) [16]

Botswana, Lesotho

CHE & Impoverishment

20% Non-food Expenditure & 40% – Non-food Expenditure

20%, 40% (Botswana-11.1, 3.22: Lesotho-7.43, 1.25)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Not indicated

23

(Castillo-Riquelme et al., 2008) [69]

South Africa

CHE

10% - HH income & 40% - Non-food expenditure

10%, 40% (Mozambique-32, 34; Kwazulu Natal-11.4, 12.5; Mpumalanga-10.2, 9)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct & Indirect costs

Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

24

(Ukwaja et al., 2013) [46, 50]

Nigeria

CHE

10% - HH income & 40% - Non-food expenditure

10%, 15%, 25%, 40% (65, 84, 68, 44)

10%, 15%, 25%, 40% (6, 12.3, 10.7, 8.3)

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Outpatient

25

(Mchenga et al., 2017) [37]

Malawi

CHE & Impoverishment

10% - Non-food expenditure & 40% - Non-food expenditure

10%, 20%, 30%, 40% (9.37, 3.41, 1.6, 0.7)

10%, 20%, 30%, 40% (1.01, 0.43, 0.2, 0.08)

$0.6 (K37002 Per annum)

51.9

0.9%

Direct costs

Not Indicated

Not indicated

26

(Ichoku et al., 2009) [36]

Nigeria

CHE & Impoverishment

5% - HH expenditure & 10% HH expenditure

5%, 10% (29, 21.75)

5%, 10% (5.67, 4.4)

$1 (N2900 per month)

61

4.1%

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Outpatient

27

(Ilunga-Ilunga et al., 2015) [39]

Democratic Republic of Congo

CHE

10% - HH expenditure & 40% - Non-food expenditure

10%, 40% (65.3, 94.7)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Not Indicated

Inpatient

28

(Adisa, 2015) [43]

Nigeria

CHE

10% - HH expenditure

10% (9.61)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

29

(Cleary et al., 2013) [56]

South Africa

CHE

10% - HH expenditure

10% (All 39.35 ~ TB-32.9, ART- 22.7, CEOC-66.1)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

30

(Ataguba, 2012) [42]

Nigeria

CHE

10% - HH expenditure & 40% - Non-food expenditure

10%, 15%, 20%, 40% (25.4, 19.6, 15.6, 17.2)

10%, 15%, 20%, 40% (6.01, 4.9, 4.02, 4.9)

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical

Not Indicated

31

(Counts and Skordis-Worrall, 2016) [71]

Tanzania

CHE

40% – Non-food Expenditure

40% (Affected-7.5, Un affected - 6.7)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Inpatient & Outpatient

32

(Wang et al., 2016) [58]

Malawi

CHE & Impoverishment

10% - Non-food expenditure & 40% - Non-food expenditure

10%, 25%, 40% (21.3, 10.7, 4.5)

NR

$1.25

44.7

1.7%

Direct costs & Indirect costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Outpatient

33

(Beaulière et al., 2010) [54, 74]

Côte d'Ivoire

CHE

40% – Non-food Expenditure

10%, 20%, 40% (50, 28, 12)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical & Non-Medical

Outpatient

34

(Xu et al., 2006a) [47]

Uganda

CHE

40% – Non-food Expenditure

40% (1997-4.82, 2000-3.15, 2003-2.92)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Direct costs

Medical

Not indicated