Table 2 Determinants of CHE
Determinants of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) | Western Africa | South Africa | East and Central Africa | Total studies per determinant |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Household economic status:  Poor-income households  Middle-income households  High-income households | 4 [5, 15, 28, 33] | 2 [12, 14] | 4 [1, 6, 13, 27*] | 10 |
Type of health care provider:  Private  Public | 2 [11, 24] | 1 [14] | 5 [1, 9, 13, 27*, 34] | 8 |
Type of illness:  HIV-ART  Tuberculosis  Obstetrics  Malaria  Chronic illnesses | 5 [5, 10, 11, 24, 33] | 2 [12, 29] | 5 [1, 6, 9, 13, 27*] | 12 |
Household member characteristics  Employment status  Education level  Gender/sex  Age of household members | 5 [5, 15, 24, 28, 33] | 3 [12, 22, 29] | 7 [1, 6, 9, 13, 27*, 31, 34] | 15 |
Geographical location  Distance to the health facility  Residence (rural/urban) | 3 [24, 11, 15] | 3 [14, 22, 29] | 5 [1, 6, 9, 31, 34] | 11 |
Social insurance/health scheme  Health insurance  Social network scheme | 3 [5, 11, 28] | Nil | 1 [9] | 4 |
Household size and composition  Number of household members  Household with elderly people  Household with under 5 children | 5 [5, 10,11, 24, 33] | 2 [12, 22] | 6 [1, 6, 9, 13, 31, 34] | 13 |