| Total N (%) | RCT parallel N (%) | RCT crossover N (%) |
---|---|---|---|
N publications | 223 (100.00) | 139 (62.33) | 84 (37.67) |
Blinding | |||
 Double-blind | 124 (55.61) | 87 (62.59) | 37 (44.05) |
 Single-blind | 40 (17.94) | 19 (13.67) | 21 (25.00) |
 Not blinded | 25 (11.21) | 14 (10.07) | 11 (13.10) |
 Not reported | 34 (15.25) | 19 (13.67) | 15 (17.86) |
Mean age | |||
 < 50 years | 98 (43.95) | 57 (41.01) | 41 (48.81) |
 ≥ 50 years | 125 (56.05) | 82 (58.99) | 43 (51.19) |
Baseline health | |||
 Healthy | 65 (29.15) | 29 (20.86) | 36 (42.86) |
 At risk for CVD | 127 (56.95) | 91 (65.47) | 36 (42.86) |
 Existing CVD | 11 (4.93) | 5 (3.60) | 6 (7.14) |
 Mixed | 11 (4.93) | 6 (4.32) | 5 (5.95) |
 Other | 9 (4.04) | 8 (5.76) | 1 (1.19) |
Study region | |||
 Africa | 2 (0.90) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (2.38) |
 Asia | 29 (13.00) | 28 (20.14) | 1 (1.19) |
 Australia | 12 (5.38) | 6 (4.32) | 6 (7.14) |
 Eastern Europe | 5 (2.24) | 5 (3.60) | 0 (0.00) |
 Western Europe | 86 (38.57) | 38 (27.34) | 48 (57.14) |
 Middle East | 24 (10.76) | 23 (16.55) | 1 (1.19) |
 North America | 59 (26.46) | 34 (24.46) | 25 (29.76) |
 South America | 5 (2.24) | 4 (2.88) | 1 (1.19) |
 Mixed | 1 (0.45) | 1 (0.72) | 0 (0.00) |
Intervention | |||
 Apple | 4 (1.79) | 1 (0.72) | 3 (3.57) |
 Berries | 36 (16.14) | 24 (17.27) | 12 (14.29) |
 Black tea | 16 (7.17) | 9 (6.47) | 7 (8.33) |
 Chocolate | 52 (23.21) | 27 (19.42) | 25 (29.76) |
 Cinnamon | 18 (8.07) | 17 (12.23) | 1 (1.19) |
 monomers | 9 (4.04) | 6 (4.32) | 3 (3.57) |
 polymers | 1 (0.45) | 1 (0.72) | 0 (0.00) |
 Grape | 7 (3.14) | 4 (2.88) | 3 (3.57) |
 Grape seed | 13 (5.83) | 9 (6.47) | 4 (4.57) |
 Green tea | 31 (13.90) | 26 (18.71) | 5 (5.95) |
 Mixed/other | 3 (1.35) | 3 (2.16) | 0 (0.00) |
 Tea | 8 (3.59) | 4 (2.88) | 4 (4.76) |
 Wine | 25 (11.21) | 8 (5.76) | 17 (20.24) |