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Table 4 Clinical features and comorbidities identified in selected studies

From: Predictors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in primary care among adults living in developed countries: a systematic review

Condition

Damery 2013 [17]

Joore 2015 [42]

Hafner 1997 [33]

Marder 1995 [44]

Burchell 2003 [41]

Szerlip 2005 [39]

Krauskopf 2011 [45]

Landau 1997 [43]

Hodder 2013 [36]

Guy 2011 [35]

Ellerbrock 2004 [30]

OR (CI)

OR (CI)

%

OR

% & OR

OR

%

%

OR

OR

OR

Clinical features

 Weight loss

 

13.4

(5.15–6.7)

39.6

(6.2–∞)

         

 Fever or chills

  

4.5*

(0.5–54.3)

13%

        

 Cough

   

7%

        

 Flu-like symptoms

     

76%

      

 Diarrhoea

  

2*

(0.2–17.4)

         

 Diarrhoea consultation

one only

3.7*

(0.9–5.48)

          

 Diarrhoea consultation

two

4.4

(2.3–2.81)

          

 Abdominal pain

   

5%

        

 Minor trauma

   

6%

        

 Nausea/vomiting

   

6%

        

 Rash

     

4.5

      

 Number of HIV indicator conditions

One

 

11.7

(6–23.6)

         
 

Two

 

77.5

(18.2–700.8)

         

Comorbidities

 Respiratory

Pneumonia

47.7

(3.54–52)

8.3

(2–49.8)

         

Pneumocystis carinii

       

52%

   

 Dermatology

Psoriasis

 

2.9*

(0.1–∞)

         

Psoriasis—one consultation only

2.6

(1.69–1.5)

          

Psoriasis—two consultations

3

(1.38–2.5)

          

Herpes zoster

25.4

(5.76–14.2)

10.9

(2–108.9)

         

 Neurology

Peripheral neuropathy

 

15.9

(2–∞)

         

Neurologic disability in women

   

2.4

       

Neurologic disability in men

   

1.9

(1.1–3.2)

       

 Gastroenterology

Oral candidiasis

29.4

(4.57–21.8)

7.1*

(0.6–∞)

         

Hepatitis B

 

11.5

(1.2–∞)

   

8.3

(2.65–26.2)

     

Chronic liver disease

      

22%

(15%–29%)

    

 Oncology

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

12.6

(2.13–15)

          

Lymphogranuloma venereum

 

7.1*

(0.6–∞)

         

 Gynaecology

Cervical dysplasia

 

2.9*

(0.4–232.4)

         

Condyloma acuminata

 

12.1

(1.2–600.9)

         

 Haematology

Leucocytopenia

 

11.5

(1.2–∞)

         

Blood dyscrasia

5.7

(2.44–4)

          

 ENT

Lymphadenopathy

11.3

(5.15–5.3)

29.8

(4.4–∞)

         

Parotitis

8.6

(1.68–11)

          

 Other

Mononucleosis-like illness

 

6.2

(1.6–29)

         

Pyrexia of unknown origin

7.2

(4.05–3.5)

          

Hyperlipidemia

      

25%

(17%–32%)

    

Hypertension

      

10%

(4%–16%)

    

Diabetes

      

10%

(5%–14%)

    

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)

10.8

(3.38–7.6)

    

10.1 (3.39–30.12)

    

10.1

(6.89–14.9)

STI diagnosis

≤ 2 years

         

2.72

(1.77–4.2)

 

≤ 14 days

         

3.19

(2.05–4.96)

 

Number of STIs per patient

One

 

14.6

(5.5–45.6)

         

≥ 2

 

37.9

(5.6-∞)

         

Syphilis

 

39.3

(5.7–1703.9)

   

7.35

(2.52–21.5)

    

12.7

(7.28–22.3)

Seropositive for syphilis*

          

7.29

(4.15–12.8)

Infectious Syphilis diagnosis

≤ 2 years

         

3.86

(1.99–7.5)

 

≤ 14 days

         

4.9

(2.51–9.56)

 

Chlamydia

  

11.8

(3–67.5)

         

Chlamydia diagnosis

≤ 2 years

         

2.31

(1.4–3.81)

 

≤ 14 days

         

2.62

(1.56–4.39)

 

Gonorrhoea

 

15.9

(2–∞)

        

6.51

(4.4–9.65)

Genital herpes

 

2.9*

(0.1–∞)

         
  1. *Not statistically significant
  2. ∞ Means infinity upper limit
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Systematic Reviews

ISSN: 2046-4053