Predictors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in primary care among adults living in developed countries: a systematic review

Table 2 Demographic characteristics identified in selected studies

Studies		Ellerbrock 2004 [30]	Guy 2011 [35]	Hodder 2013 [36]	Ross 1997 [31]	Niyonsenga 2013 [37]	Gordon 1995 [32]	Desai 2012 [38]	Hafner 1997 [33]	Moran 2012 [34]
		OR	OR	OR	OR	CC**	%		%	%
Demographic
Age	Reference group		< 30 y	18–26 years	21–25 years
	26–30				1.7 (1.05–2.8)
	27–33			5.83 (1.22–27.96)
	30–39		1.91 (1.27-2.87)
	31–35				0.3*
	34+			11.54 (2.71–49.05)
	36–40				1.6*
	40+		1.81 (1.19-2.75)
Ethnicity	Black race (Reference = white)	6.77 (4.17–11)
Ethnicity	Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander		1.68* (0.41–6.94)
Country of birth	Born in USA	1.76 (1.22–2.53)
Country of birth	Born in Australia		1.42* (1.00–2.02)
Sexuality	Homosexual/bisexual	1.79* (0.67–4.79)			2.7 (1.5–4.8)		37%		57%	61%
Sexuality	Heterosexual	1.00			1.0				3%	28%
Socio-economic factor
Housing problems								17%
Poverty index in rural areas						− 0.25*
Poverty index in urban areas						0.58
Annual income < $10,000		13.2 (7.91–22)
Farmworker		2.09 (1.47–2.96)
Unemployed		5.08 (3.18–8.14)						26%
Education beyond high school				0.43* (0.15–1.24)
Not a high school graduate		2.15 (1.48–3.1)

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