Table 1 Search strategy for MEDLINE

1 exp. Contrast Media/

2 (contrast media or contrast medium or contrast material$ or contrast agent$ or contrast procedure* or contrast dye or contrast exposure or contrast-based or contrast induced or radiographic contrast).tw,kw. (63554)

3 (radiocontrast or radio contrast).tw,kw.

4 exp. Triiodobenzoic Acids/

5 (ioxithalamate or meglumine or iopamidol or iohexol or iopromide or iotrolan or iodixanol or ioversol).tw,kw.

6 or/1–5

7 (nephritis or nephropath$ or nephrotoxic$).tw,kw.

8 ((impair$ or damag$ or reduc$ or dysfunction or injur$ or toxic$) adj2 (renal or kidney)).tw,kw.

9 exp. nephritis/ or diabetic nephropathies/

10 exp. renal insufficiency/ or ((renal or kidney) adj insufficiency).tw,kw.

11 Kidney/de [Drug Effects]

12 exp. Kidney Diseases/ci [Chemically Induced]

13 Hyperglycemia/ or hyperglyc?em*.tw,kw.

14 Acidosis, Lactic/ or lactic acidosis.tw,kw.

15 Pulmonary Edema/ or (pulmonary edema or lung edema).tw,kw.

16 ((cardiac or cardiovascular) adj2 (outcome* or event*)).tw,kw.

17 Myocardial Infarction/ or heart attack.tw,kw. (171162)

18 Stroke/ or Ischemic Attack, Transient/ or (stroke or transient isch?emic attack*).tw,kw.

19 Hypertension/ or hypertens*.tw,kw.

20 weight gain/ or (weight adj2 gain*).tw,kw.

21 (adverse adj2 (effect* or event*)).tw,kw.

22 or/7–21

23 6 and 22

24 (contrast-induced nephr$ or contrast-associated nephr$).tw,kw.

25 (Contrast-induced acute kidney injur$ or ci-aki or ciaki or caaki).tw,kw.

26 cin.tw,kw.

27 or/24–26

28 23 or 27

29 exp. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/

30 angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor$.tw,kw.

31 ACE inhibitor$.tw,kw.

32 (Captopril or Cilazapril or Enalapril or Enalaprilat or Fosinopril or Lisinopril or Perindopril or Ramipril or Teprotide).tw,kw.

33 exp. Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/

34 (angiotensin adj2 block$).tw,kw.

35 (AT1 block$ or AT 1 block$).tw,kw.

36 (RAAS block$ or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone block$).tw,kw.

37 (ACEI or ACEIs or ARB or ARBs).tw,kw.

38 exp. Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/

39 (non-steroidal anti-inflammator$ or nonsteroidal anti-inflammator$ or nsaid or nsaids).tw,kw.

40 (ibuprofen* or aceclofenac* or diclofenac* or fenbufen* or fenoprofen or flurbiprofen or indomethacin or ketoprofen or mefanamic acid or nabumetone or naproxen or phenylbutazone or piroxicam or sulindac or tolmetin or antipyrine or phenazone or tenoxicam* or aminopyrine or curcumin or clofazimine).tw,kw.

41 (dimethylguanylguanidine or dimethylbiguanidine or glucophage or diabex or formet or diaformix or glucohexal or glucomet or glucovance or metforbell or diaformin).tw,kw.

42 Biguanides/ or Metformin/ or (biguanide* or metformin).tw,kw.

43 exp. Diuretics/ or diuretic$.tw,kw.

44 (furosemide or bumetanide or torsemide or ethacrynic acid).tw,kw.

45 exp. mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists/

46 aldosterone antagonist$.tw,kw.

47 spironolactone.tw,kw. (5834)

48 Renin/ai [Antagonists & Inhibitors]

49 ((renin or renin-angiotensin) adj2 inhibit$).tw,kw.

50 aliskiren.tw,kw.

51 or/29–50

52 28 and 51

53 Withholding Treatment/

54 (withhold$ or with hold$ or withdraw$ or discontinu$).tw,kw.

55 53 or 54

56 6 and 51 and 55

57 52 or 56

58 animals/ not humans/

59 57 not 58